Fourth Destroyer Flotilla (Royal Navy)

The Fourth Destroyer Flotilla was a formation of destroyers of the Royal Navy.

Originally called the Portsmouth Flotilla and composed of Nucleus Crew vessels, it was re-designated as the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla in April, 1910 though it seems that it was often still called the Portsmouth Flotilla as late as the Test Mobilisation of July 1914.

The flotilla distinguished itself by its bold and costly torpedo attacks on the German battle line during the night action at the Battle of Jutland. However, in August, 1916, it was removed from Fleet work and spent most of the rest of the war in Devonport, where its roster of destroyers grew to enormous levels, reaching 50 ships in July, 1918.

History

March, 1910

Immediately prior to redesignation as the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla, the Portsmouth Flotilla was the largest of all the Navy's torpedo craft formations, comprising a mixture of early destroyers (both 27 and 30-knotters) and "Coastals". It was assigned to the Third Division of the Home Fleet.

Coquette, Lightning, and Porcupine were attached to the Vernon. Hardy was attached to the Excellent.

1 November, 1911

The flotilla was comprised of:

• Topaze (flag)
• Pathfinder, Skirmisher (scouts)
• Hecla (depot ship)
• Twenty-three "30 knotters"

April, 1912

The Royal Navy's flotillas 1–8 were reorganised this month, leaving the 4 D.F. with sixteen destroyers of mixed type and a pair of cruisers, all with full crews and based on Portland. The extensive reorganisation of the flotillas has made the Fourth one of four running flotillas, along with four patrol flotillas with nucleus crews. The new complement of the flotilla was comprised of the Tribal class and four later destroyers.

A Patrol Flotilla based at Portland
Flagship
Blanche
Flotilla Cruiser
Adventure
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Fury	Hope	Sheldrake	Staunch	Amazon
Nubian	Crusader	Saracen	Maori	Viking
Zulu	Cossack	Afridi	Ghurka	Mohawk
Tartar

July, 1914 - Test Mobilisation

The Portsmouth Flotilla was included in the Test Mobilisation with the following vessels:

• Angler, Conflict, Desperate, Spiteful, Surly, Velox
• T.B. 025, T.B. 027, T.B. 034, T.B. 042, T.B. 057, T.B. 065, T.B. 066, T.B. 068, T.B. 076, T.B. 077, T.B. 078
• T.B. 80, T.B. 81, T.B. 82, T.B. 85, T.B. 86, T.B. 87, T.B. 98, T.B. 101, T.B. 109, T.B. 110, T.B. 116

July, 1914 - Outbreak of War

Part of the First Fleet, the Flotilla was now comprised of twenty Acasta class destroyers under flotilla leader Swift. The Commodore (T) directed First Fleet's four flotillas from the flagship, third class protected cruiser Amethyst. It retained this composition at the start of the war, making it uniformly capable of 30 knots.

The destroyers' test runnings of the 21-in Mark II torpedoes in 1916 resulted in five bad runs.

Serving in Home and Atlantic Waters
Flotilla Leader
Swift
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Ardent	Christopher
Cockatrice	Contest	Fortune	Garland	Hardy
Lynx	Midge	Owl	Paragon	Porpoise
Shark	Sparrowhawk	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

The roster would remain the same until November or December.

September, 1914

It was considered that Aurora should become flotilla leader and that Swift should become the half-flotilla leader, but no Supplements to the Monthly Navy List indicated that Aurora ever came over.

On 24 November, as Swift required a refit, Faulknor came to lead the half-flotilla, and Caroline would soon be coming to temporarily replace Swift

This roster lasted until November or December.

December, 1914

Faulknor has joined to help lead.

Serving in Home and Atlantic Waters
Flotilla Cruisers
	Swift		Faulknor
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Ardent	Christopher
Cockatrice	Contest	Fortune	Garland	Hardy
Lynx	Midge	Owl	Paragon	Porpoise
Shark	Sparrowhawk	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

January, 1915

Caroline has started her temporary stint as leader.

Serving in Home and Atlantic Waters under Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleets
Flotilla Cruisers
	Caroline		Faulknor
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Ardent	Christopher
Cockatrice	Contest	Fortune	Garland	Hardy
Lynx	Midge	Owl	Paragon	Porpoise
Shark	Sparrowhawk	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

This roster would apply until February or March.

March, 1915

The flotilla is under Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleets for March, but this is not mentioned thereafter. Swift is back as leader, as Caroline has returned to the First Light Cruiser Squadron.

Serving in Home and Atlantic Waters under Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleets*
Flotilla Cruisers
	Swift		Faulknor
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Ardent	Christopher
Cockatrice	Contest	Fortune	Garland	Hardy
Lynx	Midge	Owl	Paragon	Porpoise
Shark	Sparrowhawk	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

In April, the flotilla would become part of the Grand Fleet. This roster would apply until September, 1915.

September, 1915

Swift has been removed to answer directly to the Grand Fleet, being swapped with the light cruiser Carysfort in that posting. Lynx has been removed, as she was mined in mid-August.

Serving in the Grand Fleet
Flotilla Cruiser
Carysfort
Flotilla Leader, Second-in-Command
Faulknor
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Ardent	Christopher
Cockatrice	Contest	Fortune	Garland	Hardy
	Midge	Owl	Paragon	Porpoise
Shark	Sparrowhawk	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

This roster would apply until May, 1916.

May, 1916

Carysfort has vacated to the Fifth Light Cruiser Squadron and Tipperary is now bearing the Captain (D), coming from the Ninth Destroyer Flotilla. Broke is now second-in-command, coming from a recent posting with the Second Destroyer Flotilla, while Faulknor has gone to lead the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla.

Serving in the Grand Fleet
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Tipperary
Flotilla Leader, Second-in-Command
Broke
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Ardent	Christopher
Cockatrice	Contest	Fortune	Garland	Hardy
	Midge	Owl	Paragon	Porpoise
Shark	Sparrowhawk	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

Battle of Jutland

Main article: Fourth D.F. (Royal Navy) at the Battle of Jutland‎

The flotilla, with substantially the same membership (Lynx had been lost earlier in the war, Paragon, Victor and Cockatrice were absent perhaps due to being under refit, and the "M" class destroyer Ophelia was attached), faced heavy losses in the night action when it met elements of the High Sea Fleet unexpectedly at short range. Its composition in the battle was as follows:

• Tipperary, Flotilla leader (lost), Captain (D) Charles John Wintour
• Broke, flotilla leader, Commander Walter L. Allen
• Achates, Commander Reginald B. C. Hutchinson, D.S.C.
• Porpoise, Commander Hugh D. Colville
• Spitfire, Lieutenant-Commander Clarence W. E. Trelawny
• Unity, Lieutenant-Commander Arthur M. Lecky
• Garland, Lieutenant-Commander Reginald S. Goff
• Ambuscade, Lieutenant-Commander Gordon A. Coles
• Ardent (lost), Lieutenant-Commander Arthur Marsden
• Fortune (lost), Lieutenant-Commander Frank G. Terry
• Sparrowhawk (lost), Lieutenant-Commander Sydney Hopkins
• Contest, Lieutenant-Commander Ernald G. H. Master
• Shark (lost), Commander Loftus W. Jones
• Acasta, Lieutenant-Commander John O. Barron
• Ophelia, Commander Lewis G. E. Crabbe
• Christopher, Lieutenant-Commander Fairfax M. Kerr
• Owl, Commander Robert G. Hamond
• Hardy, Commander Richard A. A. Plowden
• Midge, Lieutenant-Commander James R. C. Cavendish

They fired a total of fifteen torpedoes, claiming seven hits.

June, 1916

It suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Jutland, bringing its strength down to 15 destroyers when it was recently 20. Broke has been promoted to replace the lost Tipperary as leader. The lost destroyers Ardent, Fortune, Shark and Sparrowhawk have been dropped from the roster.

Serving in the Grand Fleet
Flotilla Leader, Captain (D)
Botha
Flotilla Leader, Second-in-Command
Broke
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Christopher	Cockatrice
Contest	Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl
Paragon	Porpoise	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

July, 1916

The flotilla has been further reduced by the departure of Acasta and Spitfire for unknown purposes (they would reappear in August). Broke has been removed, as well.

Serving in the Grand Fleet
Flotilla Leader, Captain (D)
Botha
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
	Achates	Ambuscade	Christopher	Cockatrice
Contest	Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl
Paragon	Porpoise		Unity	Victor

August, 1916

The flotilla is no longer supporting the Grand Fleet, but has been moved down to embody the Humber Force. Active has arrived from a temporary attachment direct to the Grand Fleet and leads the flotilla and houses the Captain (D). Christopher has been detached for some undisclosed purpose, and Acasta and Spitfire have rejoined following their mysterious one month absence.

Serving as the Humber Force
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Active
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade		Cockatrice
Contest	Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl
Paragon	Porpoise	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

This roster and tasking would last until October, 1916.

October, 1916

Christopher has rejoined.

Serving as the Humber Force
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Active
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Christopher	Cockatrice
Contest	Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl
Paragon	Porpoise	Spitfire	Unity	Victor

This roster and tasking would last until December, 1916.

December, 1916

The flotilla is no longer serving as the Humber Force, but Active and ten destroyers have moved on to augment the Portsmouth defences along with depot ship Hecla. It is not specified that Active retains her Captain (D). Five destroyers, Ambuscade, Paragon, Porpoise, Unity and Victor have departed to join the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla in the Dover Patrol.

Augmenting Portsmouth Defence
Flotilla Cruiser
Active
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Christopher	Cockatrice	Contest
Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl	Spitfire

January, 1917

The flotilla is still in Portsmouth, with depot ship Hecla, now under orders of the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth. Active has departed to help lead the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla on the Dover Patrol.

Augmenting Portsmouth Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Christopher	Cockatrice	Contest
Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl	Spitfire

This tasking would last until February or March, 1917.

March, 1917

The flotilla has moved to Devonport, with depot ship Hecla, now under orders of the Commander-in-Chief, Devonport.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Christopher	Cockatrice	Contest
Garland	Hardy	Midge	Owl	Spitfire

April, 1917

The flotilla has received nine more destroyers. Ambuscade, Porpoise, Unity and Victor have returned from the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla. Laurel Lennox, Leonidas, Legion and Liberty from the Ninth Destroyer Flotilla, though the last two would have to recommission before they could rejoin.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Cockatrice	Contest
Christopher	Garland	Hardy	Laurel	Legion*
Lennox	Leonidas	Liberty*	Midge	Owl
Spitfire	Porpoise	Unity	Victor

May, 1917

Legion and Liberty are still awaiting recommissioning; Victor has left for some undiscovered purpose; Lookout has joined, most recently of the Ninth Destroyer Flotilla.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Cockatrice	Contest
Christopher	Garland	Hardy	Laurel	Legion*
Lennox	Leonidas	Liberty*	Lookout	Midge
Owl	Spitfire	Porpoise	Unity

June, 1917

Legion alone is still awaiting recommissioning; Laverock has joined from the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Cockatrice	Contest
Christopher	Garland	Hardy	Laurel	Laverock
Legion*	Lennox	Leonidas	Liberty	Lookout
Midge	Owl	Spitfire	Porpoise	Unity

July, 1917

Laertes, Lance and Lochinvar have joined from the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla, and Victor has rejoined from wherever she'd gone. Legion has been sent to the Seventh Destroyer Flotilla on the East Coast of England.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Cockatrice	Contest
Christopher	Garland	Hardy	Laertes	Lance
Laurel	Laverock	Lennox	Leonidas	Liberty
Lochinvar	Lookout	Midge	Owl	Spitfire
	Porpoise	Unity	Victor

August, 1917

The Flotilla continues to grow, reaching 27 destroyers. Beaver Druid Forester have joined from the First Destroyer Flotilla and Lysander from the Seventh Destroyer Flotilla.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Beaver	Cockatrice
Contest	Christopher	Druid	Forester	Garland
Hardy	Laertes	Lance	Laurel	Laverock
Lennox	Leonidas	Liberty	Lochinvar	Lookout
Lysander	Midge	Owl	Spitfire	Porpoise
	Unity		Victor

September, 1917

The flotilla now has a new depot ship – Apollo. By taking in elements of the Second Destroyer Flotilla which had also been at Devonport, it has now reached a phenomenal 38 destroyers and gained a Captain (D) in the former flotilla cruiser for the Second, Eclipse which has brought along five destroyers with her: Ariel, Attack, Goshawk, Lyra and Tigress. Defender, Hind, Hornet, Sandfly have come from the First Destroyer Flotilla and Grasshopper and Scourge have joined from the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla.

October, 1917

Ariel has left to become a minelaying destroyer on the East Coast of England. Contest has been detached as she was torpedoed on 18 September, while Grasshopper and Scourge have gone to the Second Destroyer Flotilla. Almost meeting this attrition was the arrival of three destroyers: Loyal from the East Coast of England, Oriole from the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla and Oracle recently of the Thirteenth.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Eclipse
Depot Ship
Apollo
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Attack	Beaver
Cockatrice	Christopher	Defender	Druid	Forester
Garland	Goshawk	Hardy	Hind	Hornet
Laertes	Lance	Laurel	Laverock	Lennox
Leonidas	Liberty	Lochinvar	Lookout	Loyal
Lyra	Lysander	Midge	Oracle	Oriole
Owl	Porpoise	Sandfly	Spitfire	Tigress
	Unity		Victor

November, 1917

Lyra has been detached (ultimately to join the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla in January), but Nereus, Oberon, Onslow, Orpheus and Pasley have joined from the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla, bringing the strength up to an incredible forty-one destroyers.

December, 1917

Attack and Tigress have left for the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla; Lochinvar, Porpoise and Victor have left for a mysterious end.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Eclipse
Depot Ship
Apollo
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Beaver	Cockatrice
Christopher	Defender	Druid	Forester	Garland
Goshawk	Hardy	Hind	Hornet	Laertes
Lance	Laurel	Laverock	Lennox	Leonidas
Liberty	Lookout	Loyal	Lysander	Midge
Nereus	Oberon	Onslow	Oracle	Oriole
Owl	Pasley	Sandfly	Spitfire	Unity

January, 1918

Hornet has left, soon to reappear in the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Eclipse
Depot Ship
Apollo
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Beaver	Cockatrice
Christopher	Defender	Druid	Forester	Garland
Goshawk	Hardy	Hind	Laertes	Lance
Laurel	Laverock	Lennox	Leonidas	Liberty
Lookout	Loyal	Lysander	Midge	Nereus
Oberon	Onslow	Oracle	Oriole	Orpheus
Owl	Pasley	Sandfly	Spitfire	Unity

February, 1918

Acasta has left, but is soon to return. Sandfly has left to become a minelaying destroyer based in Humber. Conversely, Lawford is joining from the same tasking. Lochinvar and Porpoise rejoined from an undiscovered assignment.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Eclipse
Depot Ship
Apollo
Destroyers
Achates	Ambuscade	Beaver	Cockatrice
Christopher	Defender	Druid	Forester	Garland
Goshawk	Hardy	Hind	Laertes	Lance
Laurel	Laverock	Lawford	Lennox	Leonidas
Liberty	Lochinvar	Lookout	Loyal	Lysander
Midge	Nereus	Oberon	Onslow	Oracle
Oriole	Orpheus		Owl	Pasley
	Porpoise	Spitfire	Unity

March, 1918

Acasta and Victor have rejoined from unknown assignments. Nereus is paid off, and will remain so until May.

Augmenting Devonport Defence under Commander-in-Chief, Devonport
Flotilla Cruiser, Captain (D)
Eclipse
Depot Ship
Apollo
Destroyers
Acasta	Achates	Ambuscade	Beaver	Christopher
Cockatrice	Defender	Druid	Forester	Garland
Goshawk	Hardy	Hind	Laertes	Lance
Laurel	Laverock	Lawford	Lennox	Leonidas
Liberty	Lochinvar	Lookout	Loyal	Lysander
Midge	Nereus*	Oberon	Onslow	Oracle
Oriole	Orpheus		Owl	Pasley
Porpoise	Spitfire		Unity	Victor

April, 1918

Beaver, Druid, Goshawk and Hind have left for the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla, and Forester has been detached and will join them in the coming month. Minion and Morning Star have joined from the Eleventh Destroyer Flotilla and Nepean, Nerissa and Obdurate from the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla.

May, 1918

Acasta has gone to Portsmouth, attached to Vernon. Obedient has joined from the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla, and Oriana and Rival from the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla. Nereus is no longer paid off.

June, 1918

The strength has bloomed to an amazing forty nine destroyers! Beagle, Bulldog, Grasshopper, Harpy, Mosquito, Pincher, Savage, Scorpion and Scourge have all joined from the Second Destroyer Flotilla. Foxhound, recently of the Second Destroyer Flotilla has also joined. Defender has bucked the trend and been dropped, to reappear next month in the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla.

July, 1918

Narwhal has joined from the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla, bringing the strength to fifty destroyers. Rival and Scourge are paid off.

August, 1918

Rival and Scourge remain paid off, and Lookout has joined them. Pincher has been removed, as she was wrecked on 24 July.

The next Supplement I have to work from is for November, 1918.

November, 1918

The strength is forty-seven destroyers. Ambuscade, Christopher and Cockatrice have left to join the Northern Patrol Force. Beagle and Foxhound have gone to join the Second Destroyer Flotilla. Nizam, Norseman and Osiris have joined from the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla. Midge just paid off, Rival remains so, while Scourge and Lookout are no longer so. Lastly, Lawford, Nizam, Norseman, Oracle, Oriana and Orpheus are attached, but are on loan to the Third Destroyer Flotilla.

December, 1918

The roster is unchanged, but now only Spitfire is paid off, and the destroyers on loan are back.

January, 1919

The flotilla is disbanded. Eclipse has been lost in paperwork somewhere and Hecla has gone to the Nore. The destroyers have been returned to various Home Ports "temporarily".

The flotilla would be reconstituted in March as part of a Fleet-wide reorganization aimed at creating the peacetime navy.

March, 1919

The flotilla is one of seven newly-devised flotillas, each with a flagship and a second-in-command leader and 15 destroyers intended to cover the Grand Fleet. The depot ship is again Hecla. A Captain (D) resides within leader Seymour.

Supporting the Grand Fleet one of seven modern flotillas
Flotilla Leader, Captain (D)
Seymour
Division Leader
Grenville
Depot Ship
Hecla
Destroyers
Radiant	Radstock	Raider	Ready	Redoubt	Restless
Retriever	Rigorous	Rosalind	Rowena	Sorceress	Sylph
Taurus		Teazer		Tempest

[TO BE CONTINUED - TONE]

September, 1919

Apollo is serving as depot ship, with Captain (D) Arthur Edmund Wood embarked.

[TO BE CONTINUED - TONE]

In Command

Dates of appointment given:

• Captain Reginald Y. Tyrwhitt, 10 August, 1909 – 5 August, 1910
• Captain Mortimer L'E. Silver, 2 August, 1910 – 31 July, 1912
• Captain Wilfred Henderson, 1 May, 1912 – 5 July, 1913
• Captain Raymond A. Nugent, 8 August, 1912
• Captain Robert G. Corbett, 5 July, 1913 – 20 August, 1913  (temporary)
• Captain Charles J. Wintour, 20 August, 1913 – 31 May, 1916  (killed in command at Battle of Jutland)
• Captain Charles D. Roper, 1914
• Captain Edward O. Gladstone, 3 June, 1916 – c. July, 1916^[Inference]  (temporarily)
• Captain Charles D. Roper, 8 June, 1915 – 6 July, 1916
• Captain Percy Withers, 6 July, 1916 – 7 January, 1917
• Captain Arthur E. Wood, 1 September, 1917 – 1 March, 1919
• Captain Dashwood F. Moir, 21 December, 1920 – 15 January, 1923
• Captain Sidney R. Bailey, 15 January, 1923 – 15 January, 1925
• Captain The Hon. Edward B. S. Bingham, September, 1923 – 1 October, 1924
• Captain Edmond J. G. Mackinnon, 1 October, 1924 – 29 April, 1926
• Captain Cyril H. G. Benson, 13 September 1926 – June, 1928
• Captain Bertram C. Watson, 31 May, 1928 – April, 1930
• Captain Hugh H. Rogers, c. mid 1930 – May, 1932
• Captain Gerald C. Harrison, 29 April, 1932 – 18 October, 1933
• Captain Frederick H. G. Dalrymple-Hamilton, 18 October, 1933 – 18 March, 1936
• Captain Denis W. Boyd, 18 March, 1936 – 7 October,1936
• Captain Rhoderick R. McGrigor, 22 September, 1936 – 18 August, 1938
• Captain George H. Creswell, 1 May, 1939 – 2 January, 1940
• Captain Philip Louis Vian, 1 January, 1940 – 12 July, 1941
• Captain Stephen H. Carlill, 12 October, 1942 – 22 March, 1943
• Captain Stephen H. Carlill, 18 April, 1943 – c. March, 1944
• Captain Richard G. Onslow, c. March, 1944  (vice Carlill)

I am not sure why Bingham and Bailey seem to overlap, but it may have to do with a designation swap with the Eighth Destroyer Flotilla.

Bibliography

• Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. London: Ian Allan.
• March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892-1953. London: Seeley Service & Co. Limited. (on Bookfinder.com).