Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Calthorpe as a Flag Officer (LoC).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, seen as a Rear-Admiral.<br><small>Photo: Library of Congress.</small>]]
[[File:Sir-Somerset-Arthur-Gough-Calthorpe, NPG x88138.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Admiral of the Fleet Calthorpe, June, 1925.<br><small>Portrait: © National Portrait Gallery, London.</small>]]
 
[[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]] {{HONSIR}} '''Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe''', {{Post-Nominals|country=GBR-cats|G.C.B.m|G.C.M.G.|C.B.c|C.V.O.}}, R.N. (23 December, 1864 &ndash; 27 July, 1937) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]].
[[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]] {{SIR}} '''Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe''', G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.V.O., Royal Navy (23 December, 1864 &ndash; 27 July, 1937) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]].


==Early Life & Career==
==Early Life & Career==
Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, the younger son of Somerset Frederick, seventh Lord Calthorpe, by his wife, Eliza Maria, only child of Captain Frederick Chamier, R.N., and widow of Captain Frederick Crewe, was born in London 23 December 1864.
The Honourable Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, the younger son of Somerset Frederick, seventh Lord Calthorpe, by his wife, Eliza Maria, only child of Captain Frederick Chamier, R.N., and widow of Captain Frederick Crewe, was born in London 23 December 1864.


Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{LieutRN}} with seniority of 19 March, 1886.
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{LieutRN}} with seniority of 19 March, 1886.


Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{CommRN}} on 1 January, 1896,<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26694/pages/7532 no. 26694.  p. 7532.]  31 December, 1895.</ref> for services on the West and East Coasts of Africa.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26696/pages/4 no. 26696.  p. 4.]  3 January, 1896.</ref>
==Commander==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{CommRN}} on 1 January, 1896,{{Gaz|26694|7532|31 December, 1895}} for services on the West and East Coasts of Africa.{{Gaz|26696|4|3 January, 1896}}  On 5 March, 1896, he was appointed as Commander of the {{UK-Imperieuse}}, flagship of the [[Pacific Station (Royal Navy)|Pacific Station]].  He remained in her until she paid off on 31 August, 1899.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>
 
On 3 January, 1900, he was appointed to ''Vernon'' for revision of the Torpedo Manual, and on 15 September was appointed in command of the gunboat ''Halcyon'' in the Mediterranean.  ''Halcyon'' paid off on 7 May, 1901. He was appointed in command of the {{UK-2Pandora|f=t}} for the man&oelig;uvres on 16 July, and on 30 September was appointed to the Royal Naval College at Greenwich for study.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>


==Captain==
==Captain==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}} on 1 January, 1902.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27393/pages/3 no. 27393.  p. 3.]  3 January, 1902.</ref>
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}} on 1 January, 1902.{{Gaz|27393|3|3 January, 1902}}  From that date he was reappointed to the Royal Naval College.  On 1 March he was appointed Naval Attaché at Saint Petersburg and Rome.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>


He was appointed to command the battleship [[H.M.S. Hindustan (1903)|''Hindustan'']] on 10 January, 1908.<ref>''The Navy List'' (October, 1908).  p. 327.</ref>
On 1 November, 1905, he was appointed in command of the new {{UK-Roxburgh|f=t}}.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>  He was appointed a Member of the Fourth Class of the Royal Victorian Order dated 25 September, 1906.{{Gaz|27960|7108|23 October, 1906}}
 
He was superseded in command of ''Roxburgh'' on 19 December, 1907, and appointed in command of the battleship {{UK-1Hindustan}} in the [[Channel Fleet (Royal Navy)|Channel Fleet]] on 10 January, 1908.  He remained in command until 16 December, 1909.<ref>{{TNA|ADM 196/42.}}  f. 264.</ref>
 
Gough-Calthorpe was appointed to {{UK-Dreadnought}} as Captain of the Fleet of the [[Home Fleet (Royal Navy)|Home Fleet]] and {{Com1RN}} on 16 December, 1909.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>
 
He was promoted Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (C.V.O.) dated 29 July, 1910.{{Gaz|28403|5581|2 August, 1910}}


==Flag Rank==
==Flag Rank==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 27 August, 1911, vice [[Ernest Alfred Simons|Simons]].<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28526/pages/6373 no. 28526.  p. 6373.]  29 August, 1911.</ref>
[[File:Calthorpe as a Flag Officer (LoC).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, seen as a Rear-Admiral.<br><small>Photo: Library of Congress.</small>]]
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 27 August, 1911, vice [[Ernest Alfred Simons|Simons]].{{Gaz|28526|6373|29 August, 1911}}


He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Civil Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.) on 21 September, 1912.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28648/pages/7107 no. 28648.  p. 7107.]  27 September, 1912.</ref>
He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Civil Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.) on 21 September, 1912.{{Gaz|28648|7107|27 September, 1912}}  He was invested with the insignia of the order by the King in an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 10 October.<ref>"Court Circular" (Court and Social).  ''The Times''. Friday, 11 October, 1912.  Issue '''40027''', col A, p. 9.</ref>


==Great War==
==Great War==
On 1 January, 1916, he was appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29423/supplements/80 (Supplement) no. 29423.  p. 80.]  31 December, 1915.</ref>
Gough-Calthorpe had succeeded [[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles Madden]] in command of the {{UK-CS|2}} on 29 July, 1914.{{UKCeased|f. 13}}  On 11 March, 1915, he was appointed Acting Vice-Admiral as senior cruiser admiral in the [[Grand Fleet]].
 
On 1 January, 1916, he was knighted and appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).{{GazSup|29423|80|31 December, 1915}}
 
He was appointed to ''President'' for duty at the admiralty on 1 June, 1916, (and therefore missed the [[Battle of Jutland]]) and on 1 July became a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and [[Second Sea Lord]], with the rank of Acting Vice-Admiral.<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 130/264.</ref>


On 26 April, 1917, Gough-Calthorpe was confirmed in the rank of {{ViceRN}}.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30037/pages/3955 no. 30037.  p. 3955.]  27 April, 1917.</ref> On 8 August, 1917, Gough-Calthorpe was appointed [[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean]], and assumed command on 26 August.<ref>''Supplement to the Monthly Navy List'' (June, 1918).  p. 7.</ref>
On 26 April, 1917, Gough-Calthorpe was confirmed in the rank of {{ViceRN}}.{{Gaz|30037|3955|27 April, 1917}} On 8 August, 1917, he was appointed [[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean]], and assumed command on 26 August.{{SMNLJun18|p. 7}}


On 22 October, 1918 Calthorpe was empowered by the Admiralty to conclude an armistice with Turkey, acting as sole negotiator on behalf of all the Allies.
On 22 October, 1918 Calthorpe was empowered by the Admiralty to conclude an armistice with Turkey, acting as sole negotiator on behalf of all the Allies as High Commissioner of H. M. Government at Constantinople.  He completed this assignment on 26 August, 1919.<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 130/264.</ref>


==Post-War==
==Post-War==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{AdmRN}} on 31 July, 1919, in place of [[Henry Bradwardine Jackson|Sir Henry Jackson]], promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}}.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/31489/pages/9961 no. 31489.  p. 9961.]  5 August, 1919.</ref>
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{AdmRN}} on 31 July, 1919, in place of [[Henry Bradwardine Jackson|Sir Henry Jackson]], promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}}.{{Gaz|31489|9961|5 August, 1919}}


Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}} on 8 May, 1925.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33049/pages/3445 no. 33049.  p. 3445.]  22 May, 1925.</ref> He was placed on the Retired List on 8 May, 1930.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33604/pages/2867 no. 33604.  p. 2867.]  9 May, 1930.</ref>
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}} on 8 May, 1925.{{Gaz|33049|3445|22 May, 1925}} He was placed on the Retired List on 8 May, 1930.{{Gaz|33604|2867|9 May, 1930}}


The events of the 1905 Russian Revolution affected both Gough-Calthorpe and his wife deeply and the aftermath stayed with her for many years afterwards, "the great tragedy of his life," his Secretary later recalled.<ref>Recollection of Hubert Lynes, Gough-Calthorpe's Secretary in the Eastern Mediterranean.  RNMN/LYNES.  Liddle Collection, University of Leeds.</ref>  He died at Ryde on 27 July, 1937.
The events of the 1905 Russian Revolution affected both Gough-Calthorpe and his wife deeply and the aftermath stayed with her for many years afterwards. "The great tragedy of his life," his Secretary later recalled.<ref>Recollection of Hubert Lynes, Gough-Calthorpe's Secretary in the Eastern Mediterranean.  RNMN/LYNES.  Liddle Collection, University of Leeds.</ref>  He died at Ryde on 27 July, 1937.


A portrait of Calthorpe by Philip Connard, painted on board the ''Superb'' in 1919, is in the collection of the Imperial War Museum.
A portrait of Gough-Calthorpe by Philip Connard, painted on board the {{UK-Superb}} in 1919, is in the collection of the Imperial War Museum.


==Footnotes==
==See Also==
{{reflist}}
{{WP|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Gough-Calthorpe}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*"Sir Somerset Gough Calthorpe" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 28 July, 1934.  Issue '''47748''', col B, pg. 16.
*"Sir Somerset Gough Calthorpe" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 28 July, 1934.  Issue '''47748''', col B, p. 16.
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


Line 51: Line 64:
==Service Records==
==Service Records==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=8556764&queryType=1&resultcount=23 ADM 196/87.]
*{{TNA|ADM 196/87.|D8115358}}
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7894531&queryType=1&resultcount=2 ADM 196/42.]
*{{TNA|ADM 196/42.|D7579064}}
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7906184&queryType=1&resultcount=2 ADM 196/20.]
*{{TNA|ADM 196/20.|D7590707}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==See Also==
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Gough-Calthorpe}}


<div name=fredbot:appts>{{TabApptsBegin}}
{{TabNaval}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''|'''[[H.M. T.B. 72 (1885)|Captain of H.M. T.B. 72]]'''<br>4 Jul, 1888<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 30 Aug, 1888<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Francis John Foley|Francis J. Foley]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M. T.B. 78 (1885)|Captain of H.M. T.B. 78]]'''<br>18 Jul, 1889{{ToL|The Naval Manœuvres|Monday, 15 July, 1889.  Issue '''32751''', col A, p. 3}}<ref>This record appears less clear than that for Campbell, noted in command at same time.  Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 7 Sep, 1889<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry H. Campbell]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M. T.B. 93 (1893)|Captain of H.M. T.B. 93]]'''<br>18 Jul, 1894{{ToL|The Naval Manoeuvres|July 12, 1894, Issue 34314, p.10}}|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Thomas Drummond Gilbert|Thomas D. Pratt]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Scott William Alfred Hamilton Gray|Scott W. A. H. Gray]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Halcyon (1894)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Halcyon'']]'''<br>15 Sep, 1900{{NLMar01|p. 261}} &ndash; 7 May, 1901<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 272/548.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Thomas Henry Pellew|Thomas H. Pellew]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M.S. Pandora (1900)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Pandora'']]'''<br>16 Jul, 1901{{ToL|The Naval Manoeuvres|Thursday, July 11, 1901, Issue 36504, p.8}}<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 1901|Succeeded by<br>'''[[John Francis Murray-Aynsley|John F. Murray-Aynsley]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[Naval Attaché (Royal Navy)|Royal Navy Naval Attaché at St. Petersburg & Rome]]'''<br>19 Mar, 1902<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 1 Nov, 1905<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''?'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Edward Percy Ashe|Edward P. Ashe]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Roxburgh (1904)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Roxburgh'']]'''<br>1 Nov, 1905<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 19 Dec, 1907<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Morgan Singer|Morgan Singer]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Alexander Edward Bethell|The Hon. Alexander E. Bethell]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Hindustan (1903)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Hindustan'']]'''<br>10 Jan, 1908{{NLOct08|p. 327}}<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 16 Dec, 1909<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry H. Campbell]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Archibald Gordon Henry Wilson Moore|A. Gordon H. W. Moore]]'''|'''[[Home Fleet (Royal Navy)|Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleet]]'''<br>16 Dec, 1909<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 25 Mar, 1911<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[William Osbert Boothby|William O. Boothby]]'''<br><small>as '''Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleets'''</small>}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''|'''[[First Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral in the First Battle Squadron]]'''<br>10 Dec, 1912<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 11 December, 1912.  Issue '''40079''', col C, p. 14.</ref><ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 10 Dec, 1913<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Hugh Evan-Thomas|Hugh Evan-Thomas]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''<br><small>as '''Rear-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron'''</small>|'''[[Second Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron]]'''<br>29 Jul, 1914{{UKCeased|f. 13}} &ndash; 1 Jun, 1916<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Herbert Leopold Heath|Herbert L. Heath]]'''<br><small>as '''Rear-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron'''</small>}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Frederick Tower Hamilton|Sir Frederick T. Hamilton]]'''|'''[[Second Sea Lord|Second Sea Lord]]'''<br>30 Jun, 1916{{UKNavalStaff|p. 125}} &ndash; 4 Dec, 1916<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Sir Cecil Burney]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Alexander Edward Bethell|The Hon. Sir Alexander E. Bethell]]'''|'''[[Admiral Commanding Coastguard and Reserves|Admiral Commanding Coastguard and Reserves]]'''<br>5 Dec, 1916<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>{{NLJan17|p. 423}} &ndash; 8 Aug, 1917<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Fiennes Thursby|Sir Cecil F. Thursby]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''Allied Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean'''|'''[[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Station]]'''<br>8 Aug, 1917{{UKCeased|p. 32}}|Succeeded by<br>'''[[John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet|Sir John M. de Robeck, Bart.]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Sir Cecil Burney, Bart.]]'''|'''[[Portsmouth Station|Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth Station]]'''<br>28 Apr, 1920<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 28 April, 1920.  Issue '''42396''', col G, p. 6.</ref><ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 203.</ref> &ndash; 28 Apr, 1923<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 203.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Sydney Robert Fremantle|Sir Sydney R. Fremantle]]'''}}
{{TabCourt}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Sir Charles E. Madden, Bart.]]'''|'''[[First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp|First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp]]'''<br>31 Jul, 1924{{Gaz|32962|5889|5 August, 1924}} &ndash; 8 May, 1925<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 203.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Montague Edward Browning|Sir Montague E. Browning]]'''}}
{{TabEnd}}
</div name=fredbot:appts>


{{TabAppts}} 
==Footnotes==
|align=center colspan=3|'''{{SOON}}''' <!-- EDITORS: remove this line when table seems complete -->
{{reflist}}
|-
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{{Appt
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{{ApptCapt
|
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| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Archibald Gordon Henry Wilson Moore|A. Gordon H. W. Moore]]'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Home Fleet (Royal Navy)|Captain of the Fleet,<br>Home Fleet]]'''<br>1909 &ndash; 1911
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[William Osbert Boothby|William O. Boothby]]'''
|-
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[First Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral in the First Battle Squadron]]'''<br>1912 &ndash; 1913
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Hugh Evan-Thomas]]'''
|-
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Second Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding,<br>Second Cruiser Squadron]]'''<br>1914 &ndash; 1916
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Herbert Leopold Heath|Herbert L. Heath]]'''
|-
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Frederick Tower Hamilton|Sir Frederick T. Hamilton]]'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Second Sea Lord]]'''<br>1916
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Sir Cecil Burney]]'''
|-
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Alexander Edward Bethell|The Hon. Sir Alexander E. Bethell]]'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Admiral Commanding Coastguard and Reserves]]'''<br>1916 &ndash; 1917
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Fiennes Thursby|Sir Cecil F. Thursby]]'''
|-
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''New Command'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief,<br>Mediterranean]]'''<br>1917 &ndash; 1919
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet|Sir John M. de Robeck]]'''
|-
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Sir Cecil Burney]]'''
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth]]'''<br>1920 &ndash; 1923
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Sydney Robert Fremantle|Sir Sydney R. Fremantle]]'''
|-
{{TabEnd}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gough-Calthorpe, Somerset}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gough-Calthorpe, Somerset Arthur}}


{{CatPerson|UK|1864|1937}}
{{CatPerson|UK|1864|1937}}
[[Category:H.M.S. Britannia (Training Ship) Entrants of January, 1878]]
{{CatBritannia|January, 1878}}
[[Category:Royal Navy Naval Attachés]]
{{CatAdmOfTheFleet|UK}}
[[Category:Rear-Admirals in the First Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)]]
{{CatRN}}
[[Category:Rear-Admirals Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)]]
[[Category:Second Sea Lords]]
[[Category:Admirals Commanding Coastguard and Reserves]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Portsmouth]]
[[Category:First and Principal Naval Aides-de-Camp to King George V]]
[[Category:Royal Navy Admirals of the Fleet]]

Latest revision as of 23:05, 6 April 2022

Admiral of the Fleet Calthorpe, June, 1925.
Portrait: © National Portrait Gallery, London.

Admiral of the Fleet THE HONOURABLE SIR Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.B., C.V.O., R.N. (23 December, 1864 – 27 July, 1937) was an officer of the Royal Navy.

Early Life & Career

The Honourable Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, the younger son of Somerset Frederick, seventh Lord Calthorpe, by his wife, Eliza Maria, only child of Captain Frederick Chamier, R.N., and widow of Captain Frederick Crewe, was born in London 23 December 1864.

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant with seniority of 19 March, 1886.

Commander

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of Commander on 1 January, 1896,[1] for services on the West and East Coasts of Africa.[2] On 5 March, 1896, he was appointed as Commander of the Imperieuse, flagship of the Pacific Station. He remained in her until she paid off on 31 August, 1899.[3]

On 3 January, 1900, he was appointed to Vernon for revision of the Torpedo Manual, and on 15 September was appointed in command of the gunboat Halcyon in the Mediterranean. Halcyon paid off on 7 May, 1901. He was appointed in command of the third class protected cruiser Pandora for the manœuvres on 16 July, and on 30 September was appointed to the Royal Naval College at Greenwich for study.[4]

Captain

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of Captain on 1 January, 1902.[5] From that date he was reappointed to the Royal Naval College. On 1 March he was appointed Naval Attaché at Saint Petersburg and Rome.[6]

On 1 November, 1905, he was appointed in command of the new armoured cruiser Roxburgh.[7] He was appointed a Member of the Fourth Class of the Royal Victorian Order dated 25 September, 1906.[8]

He was superseded in command of Roxburgh on 19 December, 1907, and appointed in command of the battleship Hindustan in the Channel Fleet on 10 January, 1908. He remained in command until 16 December, 1909.[9]

Gough-Calthorpe was appointed to Dreadnought as Captain of the Fleet of the Home Fleet and Commodore, First Class on 16 December, 1909.[10]

He was promoted Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (C.V.O.) dated 29 July, 1910.[11]

Flag Rank

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, seen as a Rear-Admiral.
Photo: Library of Congress.

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral on 27 August, 1911, vice Simons.[12]

He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Civil Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.) on 21 September, 1912.[13] He was invested with the insignia of the order by the King in an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 10 October.[14]

Great War

Gough-Calthorpe had succeeded Charles Madden in command of the Second Cruiser Squadron on 29 July, 1914.[15] On 11 March, 1915, he was appointed Acting Vice-Admiral as senior cruiser admiral in the Grand Fleet.

On 1 January, 1916, he was knighted and appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).[16]

He was appointed to President for duty at the admiralty on 1 June, 1916, (and therefore missed the Battle of Jutland) and on 1 July became a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and Second Sea Lord, with the rank of Acting Vice-Admiral.[17]

On 26 April, 1917, Gough-Calthorpe was confirmed in the rank of Vice-Admiral.[18] On 8 August, 1917, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean, and assumed command on 26 August.[19]

On 22 October, 1918 Calthorpe was empowered by the Admiralty to conclude an armistice with Turkey, acting as sole negotiator on behalf of all the Allies as High Commissioner of H. M. Government at Constantinople. He completed this assignment on 26 August, 1919.[20]

Post-War

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of Admiral on 31 July, 1919, in place of Sir Henry Jackson, promoted to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet.[21]

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet on 8 May, 1925.[22] He was placed on the Retired List on 8 May, 1930.[23]

The events of the 1905 Russian Revolution affected both Gough-Calthorpe and his wife deeply and the aftermath stayed with her for many years afterwards. "The great tragedy of his life," his Secretary later recalled.[24] He died at Ryde on 27 July, 1937.

A portrait of Gough-Calthorpe by Philip Connard, painted on board the Superb in 1919, is in the collection of the Imperial War Museum.

See Also

Bibliography

  • "Sir Somerset Gough Calthorpe" (Obituaries). The Times. Wednesday, 28 July, 1934. Issue 47748, col B, p. 16.

Images

  • 1918 Philip Connard portrait in the possession of the Imperial War Museum, Catalogue Number IWM ART 2494.

Service Records


Naval Appointments
Preceded by
Charles E. Madden 		Captain of H.M. T.B. 72
4 Jul, 1888[25] – 30 Aug, 1888[26] 		Succeeded by
Francis J. Foley
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M. T.B. 78
18 Jul, 1889[27][28] – 7 Sep, 1889[29] 		Succeeded by
Henry H. Campbell
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M. T.B. 93
18 Jul, 1894[30] 		Succeeded by
Thomas D. Pratt
Preceded by
Scott W. A. H. Gray 		Captain of H.M.S. Halcyon
15 Sep, 1900[31] – 7 May, 1901[32] 		Succeeded by
Thomas H. Pellew
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M.S. Pandora
16 Jul, 1901[33][34] – 1901 		Succeeded by
John F. Murray-Aynsley
Preceded by
? 		Royal Navy Naval Attaché at St. Petersburg & Rome
19 Mar, 1902[35] – 1 Nov, 1905[36] 		Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
Edward P. Ashe 		Captain of H.M.S. Roxburgh
1 Nov, 1905[37] – 19 Dec, 1907[38] 		Succeeded by
Morgan Singer
Preceded by
The Hon. Alexander E. Bethell 		Captain of H.M.S. Hindustan
10 Jan, 1908[39][40] – 16 Dec, 1909[41] 		Succeeded by
Henry H. Campbell
Preceded by
A. Gordon H. W. Moore 		Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleet
16 Dec, 1909[42] – 25 Mar, 1911[43] 		Succeeded by
William O. Boothby
as Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleets
Preceded by
Charles E. Madden 		Rear-Admiral in the First Battle Squadron
10 Dec, 1912[44][45] – 10 Dec, 1913[46] 		Succeeded by
Hugh Evan-Thomas
Preceded by
Charles E. Madden
as Rear-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron 		Vice-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron
29 Jul, 1914[47] – 1 Jun, 1916[48] 		Succeeded by
Herbert L. Heath
as Rear-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron
Preceded by
Sir Frederick T. Hamilton 		Second Sea Lord
30 Jun, 1916[49] – 4 Dec, 1916[50] 		Succeeded by
Sir Cecil Burney
Preceded by
The Hon. Sir Alexander E. Bethell 		Admiral Commanding Coastguard and Reserves
5 Dec, 1916[51][52] – 8 Aug, 1917[53] 		Succeeded by
Sir Cecil F. Thursby
Preceded by
Allied Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean 		Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Station
8 Aug, 1917[54] 		Succeeded by
Sir John M. de Robeck, Bart.
Preceded by
Sir Cecil Burney, Bart. 		Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth Station
28 Apr, 1920[55][56] – 28 Apr, 1923[57] 		Succeeded by
Sir Sydney R. Fremantle
Court Appointments
Preceded by
Sir Charles E. Madden, Bart. 		First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp
31 Jul, 1924[58] – 8 May, 1925[59] 		Succeeded by
Sir Montague E. Browning

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26694. p. 7532. 31 December, 1895.
  2. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26696. p. 4. 3 January, 1896.
  3. ↑ ADM 196/42. f. 264.
  4. ↑ ADM 196/42. f. 264.
  5. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27393. p. 3. 3 January, 1902.
  6. ↑ ADM 196/42. f. 264.
  7. ↑ ADM 196/42. f. 264.
  8. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27960. p. 7108. 23 October, 1906.
  9. ↑ The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 264.
  10. ↑ ADM 196/42. f. 264.
  11. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28403. p. 5581. 2 August, 1910.
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28526. p. 6373. 29 August, 1911.
  13. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28648. p. 7107. 27 September, 1912.
  14. ↑ "Court Circular" (Court and Social). The Times. Friday, 11 October, 1912. Issue 40027, col A, p. 9.
  15. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. f. 13.
  16. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 29423. p. 80. 31 December, 1915.
  17. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  18. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 30037. p. 3955. 27 April, 1917.
  19. ↑ Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (June, 1918). p. 7.
  20. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  21. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 31489. p. 9961. 5 August, 1919.
  22. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33049. p. 3445. 22 May, 1925.
  23. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33604. p. 2867. 9 May, 1930.
  24. ↑ Recollection of Hubert Lynes, Gough-Calthorpe's Secretary in the Eastern Mediterranean. RNMN/LYNES. Liddle Collection, University of Leeds.
  25. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  26. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  27. ↑ "The Naval Manœuvres." The Times (London, England), Monday, 15 July, 1889. Issue 32751, col A, p. 3.
  28. ↑ This record appears less clear than that for Campbell, noted in command at same time. Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  29. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  30. ↑ "The Naval Manoeuvres." The Times (London, England), July 12, 1894, Issue 34314, p.10.
  31. ↑ The Navy List. (March, 1901). p. 261.
  32. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. f. 272/548.
  33. ↑ "The Naval Manoeuvres." The Times (London, England), Thursday, July 11, 1901, Issue 36504, p.8.
  34. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  35. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  36. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  37. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  38. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  39. ↑ The Navy List. (October, 1908). p. 327.
  40. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  41. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  42. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  43. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  44. ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Wednesday, 11 December, 1912. Issue 40079, col C, p. 14.
  45. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  46. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  47. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. f. 13.
  48. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  49. ↑ The Naval Staff of the Admiralty. p. 125.
  50. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  51. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  52. ↑ The Navy List. (January, 1917). p. 423.
  53. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 130/264.
  54. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. p. 32.
  55. ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Wednesday, 28 April, 1920. Issue 42396, col G, p. 6.
  56. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 203.
  57. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 203.
  58. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 32962. p. 5889. 5 August, 1924.
  59. ↑ Gough-Calthorpe Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 203.

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