Drake Class Cruiser (1901): Difference between revisions

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The four [[Armoured Cruiser|armoured cruisers]] of the '''''Drake'' Class''' were completed in 1902 and 1903.
{| style="margin:0 auto;" align=center width=60% class="toccolours"
 
|colspan=2 align=center| '''[[Drake Class Armoured Cruiser (1901)|''Drake'' Class Armoured Cruiser]]'''
<div name=fredbot:ships>
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border=2 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" align=center;
|-
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| [[H.M.S. Drake (1901)|''Drake'']] | [[H.M.S. Good Hope (1901)|''Good Hope'']] | [[H.M.S. King Alfred (1901)|''King Alfred'']] | [[H.M.S. Leviathan (1901)|''Leviathan'']]
! colspan=6 align=left|Overview of 4 vessels
|-
|-
|
| colspan=6 align=left|<small>Citations for this data available on individual ship pages</small>
|-
|-
|align=center|Preceded by the [[Cress Class Armoured Cruiser (1899)|''Cressy'' Class]]
! align=center | Name
|align=center|Succeeded by the [[Monmouth Class Armoured Cruiser (1901)|''Monmouth'' Class]]
! align=center | Builder
|-
! align=center | Laid Down
|colspan=2 align=center| <br> '''[[List of armoured cruisers of the Royal Navy]]'''
! align=center | Launched
! align=center | Completed
! align=center | Fate
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-Drake}}
|[[Pembroke Royal Dockyard]]
|24 Apr, 1899
|5 Mar, 1901
|13 Jan, 1903
|Torpedoed 2 Oct, 1917
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-GoodHope}}
|[[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]], Govan
|11 Sep, 1899
|21 Feb, 1901
|8 Nov, 1902
|Sunk 1 Nov, 1914
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-KingAlfred}}
|[[Vickers|Vickers, Barrow]]
|11 Aug, 1899
|28 Oct, 1901
|22 Dec, 1903
|Sold 30 Jan, 1920
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-Leviathan}}
|[[John Brown & Company|John Brown, Clydebank]]
|30 Nov, 1899
|3 Jul, 1901
|16 Jun, 1903
|Sold 3 Mar, 1920
|}
|}
</div name=fredbot:ships>
==Binoculars==
In September 1914, the ships were allowed four additional pairs of Pattern 343 Service Binoculars.{{AWO1914|331 of 8 Sep, 1914}}
==Radio==
In April 1913, a previous order to fit these ships with a [[Type 10 Wireless Set|Type 10 Cruiser Auxiliary set]] was rescinded.{{ARTS1913|W/T Appendix, p. 13}}
==Searchlights==
In 1907, these ships, along with the [[Powerful Class Cruiser (1895)|''Powerful'']], [[Cressy Class Cruiser (1899)|''Cressy'']], [[Monmouth Class Cruiser (1901)|''Monmouth'']] and [[Devonshire Class Cruiser (1903)|''Devonshire'']] classes and battleships of the [[Majestic Class Battleship (1894)|''Majestic'']], [[Canopus Class Battleship (1897)|''Canopus'']], [[London Class Battleship (1899)|''London'']], and [[Duncan Class Battleship (1901)|''Duncan'']] classes, were to land their searchlights from their tops and obtain two additional 24-inch models from their dockyards for  placement on the shelter or boat deck. These were to be augmented by (or further upgraded to?) a pair of 36-in searchlights when they became available.{{ARTS1907|p. 35.  The location for each ship type was placement stipulated in C.N.2 11884/13066, 13.12.1906}}
==Armament==
In early 1913, new pattern G. 329 trainer's telescopes of 2.5 power and 20 degree field were issued to these and many other capital ships, to replace the 5/12, 5/15 and 5/21 variable power G.S. telescopes that had previously been in use.<ref>Admiralty Weekly Orders.  28 Feb, 1913.  {{TNA|ADM 182/4}}.</ref>
During the war, along with those of other older ships, the eight 6-inch guns casemated on the main deck proved of little use in practical sea states.  The three foremost main deck guns on each side were moved to the upper deck and the aftmost gun on each side remaining in situ.  Four of the twelve original 12-pdr guns were displaced and surrendered by this reconfiguration.{{UKTHVol4Part36|p. 9-10.  I do not understand this configuration}}{{FC}}
===Main Battery===
This section is sourced in ''The Sight Manual, 1916''.{{TheSightM|pp 57, 105, 108, 110. Plate 20, 21}}
{{UK-KingAlfred}}'s mountings differed from those of {{UK-Drake}} and {{UK-Leviathan}} and were similar to [[Cressy Class Cruiser (1899)#Main Battery|those in the ''Cressy'' class]].  It is unknown which pattern {{UK-GoodHope}} fit.  The equipment of {{UK-Drake}} and {{UK-Leviathan}} (only) is documented here.
The two 9.2-in B.L. guns Mark X were arranged in single Mark V mountings fore and aft, able to elevate 13 degrees and depress 5 degrees.
The sights were gear-worked with a range gearing constant of 49.26, graduated to only 12.5 degrees or 14,000 yards, full charge.  There was no MV correction, but a generous supply of range dials was provided: 2700/2675/2643/2625/2600/2575/2550 fps for full charge, 2250/2225/2196/2175/2150/2125/2100 fps for reduced charge, and 3-pdr sub-calibre and 1-in aiming rifle.  The 2850 fps dial was noted as having range errors exceeding 25 yards, as it employed the same cam cut for the 2750 fps dial.  The 2750 fps dial would be used for calibrating the sight.  MV was corrected by adjustable pointer allowing a 100 fps decrease (only).
The deflection was on a gearing constant of 51.11, 1 knot being 2.61 arc minutes, calibrated for 2643 fps at 5000 yards.
Drift was corrected by inclining the sight bracket 1.5 degrees.  The sighting lines were 14 inches above the bore and 45 inches to the left and 50 inches to the right.  The right sight was a vertical columns sight entirely different in nature than the left, which was similar to that used on the 7.5-in Mark II.
Neither "C" corrector nor temperature corrector are mentioned explicitly and none are visible in drawings.
===Secondary Battery===
In February, 1913, the 6-in mountings, along with many other 4-in and 6-in mountings in various capital ships and cruisers were to have illumination added for their training index racers.<ref>Admiralty Weekly Orders. {{TNA|ADM 182/4}}.  21 Feb, 1913 entries.  pp. 3-4.</ref>
===Other Weapons===
* Originally, twelve 12-pdr guns.  When 6-in guns were moved about, four of these guns were lost with the remainder on shelter decks and atop casemates.
Prior to [[Small Arms and Edged Weapons (Royal Navy)|reductions in such provisions enacted in mid-1903]], the ships had been allowed 267 cutlasses.{{PQDNO1904|pp. 249-253}}
===Torpedoes===
* two 18-in submerged broadside tubes forward, depressed three degrees and bearing abeam;  axis of tube was 6 foot 10.5 inches below load water line and 1 feet 6 inches above deck.{{UKTorpM1909III|p. 265}}
<!--
==Fire Control==
===Rangefinders===
===Evershed Bearing Indicators===
===Gunnery Control===
====Control Positions====
====Control Groups====
===Directors===
====Main Battery====
====Secondary Battery====
===Torpedo Control===
===Transmitting Stations===
-->
===Dreyer Table===
These ships never received Dreyer tables.{{DreyerH|p. 3}}
===Fire Control Instruments===
By 1909, the four ships in this class were split into two different types of fire control equipment.
''King Alfred'' differed from the other 3 ships in the class by having [[Barr and Stroud]] Mark II instruments for range and rate, B & S Mark I for orders, and [[Vickers]] instruments for deflection:{{HFCI1909|pp. 56, 59}}
* Range (B. & S. Mark II):  6 transmitters, 33 receivers
* Orders (B. & S. Mark I): 6 transmitters, 20 receivers
* Rate (B. & S. Mark II): 4 transmitters, 8 receivers
* Deflection (Vickers): 6 transmitters, 27 receivers
* Group Switches:  3 (converted by Chatham)
* Siemens Turret fire gongs: 4  with 2 keys
* Vickers Fire Gongs: 16 with 4 keys
* Siemens Captain's Cease Fire Bells:  20 with 1 key
''Drake'', Good Hope'' and ''Leviathan'' were equipped with [[Vickers|Vickers, Son and Maxim]] instruments for range, deflection and orders and with [[Barr and Stroud]] [[Range Rate|rate]] instruments:{{HFCI1909|pp. 56, 60}}
* Vickers range transmitters:  6
* Vickers deflection transmitters:  6
* Vickers combined range and deflection receivers: 28 (27 in ''Drake'')
* Vickers C.O.S.: 3
* Vickers Check fire switches: 6
* Barr and Stroud rate transmitters: 4
* Barr and Stroud rate receivers: 8
* Siemens Fire Gongs (turrets): 4 with 2 keys
* Vickers Fire Gongs (elsewhere): 16 with 4 keys (Siemens in ''Good Hope'')
* Siemens Captain's Cease Fire Bells:  20 with 1 key
These ships lacked ''Target Visible'' and ''Gun Ready'' signals.{{HFCI1914|p. 11}}
==See Also==
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_class_cruiser}}
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{FriedmanBritishCruisersVictorian}}
*{{UKTHVol4Part34}}
*{{HFCI1909}}
*{{HFCI1914}}
*{{DirectorH}}
*{{DreyerH}}
*{{BrooksDGBJ}}
{{refend}}
{{Footer Drake Class Cruiser (1901)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Drake}}
{{CatClassArmouredCruiser|UK}}
<!-- data
nat=UK
cat=ArmouredCruiser
type=armoured cruiser
chain=Major Cruisers
{ship
name=Drake
pend=P.09 (1914){{DittColl|p. 42}}
builder=[[Pembroke Royal Dockyard]]{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
order=1898-99 Programme{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
laid=24 Apr, 1899{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
launch=5 Mar, 1901{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
comm=13 Jan, 1903{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
fate=Torpedoed
fate2=Sunk by U.79
fatedate=2 Oct, 1917{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
}
{ship
name=Good Hope
pend=P.16 (1914){{DittColl|p. 42}}
builder=[[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]], Govan{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
order="
laid=11 Sep, 1899{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
launch=21 Feb, 1901{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
comm=8 Nov, 1902{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
fate=Sunk
fate2=at [[Battle of Coronel]]
fatedate=1 Nov, 1914{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
}
{ship
name=King Alfred
pend=P.10 (1914)<br>P.98 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 42}}
builder=[[Vickers|Vickers, Barrow]]{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
order="
laid=11 Aug, 1899{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
launch=28 Oct, 1901{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
comm=22 Dec, 1903{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
fate=Sold
fate2=Scrapped
fatedate=30 Jan, 1920{{DittColl|p. 42}}
}
{ship
name=Leviathan
pend=P.28 (1914)<br>P.73 (Sep 1915)<br>P.1A (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 42}}
builder=[[John Brown & Company|John Brown, Clydebank]]
order="
laid=30 Nov, 1899{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
launch=3 Jul, 1901{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
comm=16 Jun, 1903{{Conways1860|p. 69}}
fate=Sold
fate2=Scrapped
fatedate=3 Mar, 1920{{DittColl|p. 42}}
}
data -->
[[Category:Featured Ship Classes]]

Latest revision as of 19:30, 6 April 2018

The four armoured cruisers of the Drake Class were completed in 1902 and 1903.

Overview of 4 vessels
Citations for this data available on individual ship pages
Name Builder Laid Down Launched Completed Fate
Drake Pembroke Royal Dockyard 24 Apr, 1899 5 Mar, 1901 13 Jan, 1903 Torpedoed 2 Oct, 1917
Good Hope Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan 11 Sep, 1899 21 Feb, 1901 8 Nov, 1902 Sunk 1 Nov, 1914
King Alfred Vickers, Barrow 11 Aug, 1899 28 Oct, 1901 22 Dec, 1903 Sold 30 Jan, 1920
Leviathan John Brown, Clydebank 30 Nov, 1899 3 Jul, 1901 16 Jun, 1903 Sold 3 Mar, 1920

Binoculars

In September 1914, the ships were allowed four additional pairs of Pattern 343 Service Binoculars.[1]

Radio

In April 1913, a previous order to fit these ships with a Type 10 Cruiser Auxiliary set was rescinded.[2]

Searchlights

In 1907, these ships, along with the Powerful, Cressy, Monmouth and Devonshire classes and battleships of the Majestic, Canopus, London, and Duncan classes, were to land their searchlights from their tops and obtain two additional 24-inch models from their dockyards for placement on the shelter or boat deck. These were to be augmented by (or further upgraded to?) a pair of 36-in searchlights when they became available.[3]

Armament

In early 1913, new pattern G. 329 trainer's telescopes of 2.5 power and 20 degree field were issued to these and many other capital ships, to replace the 5/12, 5/15 and 5/21 variable power G.S. telescopes that had previously been in use.[4]

During the war, along with those of other older ships, the eight 6-inch guns casemated on the main deck proved of little use in practical sea states. The three foremost main deck guns on each side were moved to the upper deck and the aftmost gun on each side remaining in situ. Four of the twelve original 12-pdr guns were displaced and surrendered by this reconfiguration.[5][Fact Check]

Main Battery

This section is sourced in The Sight Manual, 1916.[6]

King Alfred's mountings differed from those of Drake and Leviathan and were similar to those in the Cressy class. It is unknown which pattern Good Hope fit. The equipment of Drake and Leviathan (only) is documented here.

The two 9.2-in B.L. guns Mark X were arranged in single Mark V mountings fore and aft, able to elevate 13 degrees and depress 5 degrees.

The sights were gear-worked with a range gearing constant of 49.26, graduated to only 12.5 degrees or 14,000 yards, full charge. There was no MV correction, but a generous supply of range dials was provided: 2700/2675/2643/2625/2600/2575/2550 fps for full charge, 2250/2225/2196/2175/2150/2125/2100 fps for reduced charge, and 3-pdr sub-calibre and 1-in aiming rifle. The 2850 fps dial was noted as having range errors exceeding 25 yards, as it employed the same cam cut for the 2750 fps dial. The 2750 fps dial would be used for calibrating the sight. MV was corrected by adjustable pointer allowing a 100 fps decrease (only).

The deflection was on a gearing constant of 51.11, 1 knot being 2.61 arc minutes, calibrated for 2643 fps at 5000 yards.

Drift was corrected by inclining the sight bracket 1.5 degrees. The sighting lines were 14 inches above the bore and 45 inches to the left and 50 inches to the right. The right sight was a vertical columns sight entirely different in nature than the left, which was similar to that used on the 7.5-in Mark II.

Neither "C" corrector nor temperature corrector are mentioned explicitly and none are visible in drawings.

Secondary Battery

In February, 1913, the 6-in mountings, along with many other 4-in and 6-in mountings in various capital ships and cruisers were to have illumination added for their training index racers.[7]

Other Weapons

  • Originally, twelve 12-pdr guns. When 6-in guns were moved about, four of these guns were lost with the remainder on shelter decks and atop casemates.

Prior to reductions in such provisions enacted in mid-1903, the ships had been allowed 267 cutlasses.[8]

Torpedoes

  • two 18-in submerged broadside tubes forward, depressed three degrees and bearing abeam; axis of tube was 6 foot 10.5 inches below load water line and 1 feet 6 inches above deck.[9]

Dreyer Table

These ships never received Dreyer tables.[10]

Fire Control Instruments

By 1909, the four ships in this class were split into two different types of fire control equipment.

King Alfred differed from the other 3 ships in the class by having Barr and Stroud Mark II instruments for range and rate, B & S Mark I for orders, and Vickers instruments for deflection:[11]

  • Range (B. & S. Mark II): 6 transmitters, 33 receivers
  • Orders (B. & S. Mark I): 6 transmitters, 20 receivers
  • Rate (B. & S. Mark II): 4 transmitters, 8 receivers
  • Deflection (Vickers): 6 transmitters, 27 receivers
  • Group Switches: 3 (converted by Chatham)
  • Siemens Turret fire gongs: 4 with 2 keys
  • Vickers Fire Gongs: 16 with 4 keys
  • Siemens Captain's Cease Fire Bells: 20 with 1 key

Drake, Good Hope and Leviathan were equipped with Vickers, Son and Maxim instruments for range, deflection and orders and with Barr and Stroud rate instruments:[12]

  • Vickers range transmitters: 6
  • Vickers deflection transmitters: 6
  • Vickers combined range and deflection receivers: 28 (27 in Drake)
  • Vickers C.O.S.: 3
  • Vickers Check fire switches: 6
  • Barr and Stroud rate transmitters: 4
  • Barr and Stroud rate receivers: 8
  • Siemens Fire Gongs (turrets): 4 with 2 keys
  • Vickers Fire Gongs (elsewhere): 16 with 4 keys (Siemens in Good Hope)
  • Siemens Captain's Cease Fire Bells: 20 with 1 key

These ships lacked Target Visible and Gun Ready signals.[13]

See Also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 331 of 8 Sep, 1914.
  2. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1913. W/T Appendix, p. 13.
  3. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907. p. 35. The location for each ship type was placement stipulated in C.N.2 11884/13066, 13.12.1906.
  4. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Orders. 28 Feb, 1913. The National Archives. ADM 182/4.
  5. ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 4, Part 36. p. 9-10. I do not understand this configuration.
  6. ↑ The Sight Manual. 1916. pp 57, 105, 108, 110. Plate 20, 21.
  7. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Orders. The National Archives. ADM 182/4. 21 Feb, 1913 entries. pp. 3-4.
  8. ↑ Principal Questions Dealt with by the Director of Naval Ordnance, 1904. pp. 249-253.
  9. ↑ Torpedo Manual, Vol. III, 1909. p. 265.
  10. ↑ Handbook of Captain F. C. Dreyer's Fire Control Tables, 1918. p. 3.
  11. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. pp. 56, 59.
  12. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. pp. 56, 60.
  13. ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. p. 11.

Bibliography

  • Friedman, Norman (2012). British Cruisers of the Victorian Era. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591140684 (on Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk).
  • Admiralty, Technical History Section (1920). The Technical History and Index: Alteration in Armaments of H.M. Ships during the War. Vol. 4, Part 34. C.B. 1515 (34) now O.U. 6171/20. At The National Archives, Kew, United Kingdom.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1910). Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1909. Copy No. 173 is Ja 345a at Admiralty Library, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1914). Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914. G. 01627/14. C.B. 1030. Copy 1235 at The National Archives. ADM 186/191.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1917). The Director Firing Handbook. O.U. 6125 (late C.B. 1259). Copy No. 322 at The National Archives. ADM 186/227.
  • Admiralty, Gunnery Branch (1918). Handbook of Captain F. C. Dreyer's Fire Control Tables, 1918. C.B. 1456. Copy No. 10 at Admiralty Library, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
  • Brooks, John (2005). Dreadnought Gunnery and the Battle of Jutland: The Question of Fire Control. Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 0714657026. (on Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk).


Drake Class Armoured Cruiser
  Drake Good Hope King Alfred Leviathan  
<– Cressy Class Major Cruisers (UK) Monmouth Class –>
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