Difference between revisions of "Fourth Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)"

From The Dreadnought Project
Jump to: navigation, search
(In Command)
(20 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +
The '''Fourth Cruiser Squadron''' was called '''Cruiser Force H''' for a time at the start of the war.  It often was the primary component of the [[North America and West Indies Station]], sometimes being equivalent to that command.
 +
 
==History==
 
==History==
On 6 December, 1906, the [[First Lord of the Admiralty]], [[William Waldegrave Palmer, Second Earl of Selborne|the Earl of Selborne]], announced a redistribution of fleets affecting the whole Navy.  The cruisers outside European waters were divided into groups: the Eastern; Cape of Good Hope; and the Western.
 
  
:The Western Group of cruisers will consist of the cruisers under the command of the [[North America and West Indies Station|Commander-in-chief of the North American and West Indian Station]] and the mobilized cruisers with which he will be reinforced in time of warAt present the cruisers under the command of the Commander-in-chief of the North American and West Indian Station consist of his flag-ship, a first-class protected cruiser, and certain second and third-class cruisers.  The Board have decided to withdraw from the station the less effective of those ships and to add to it the ships of the new Particular Service Squadron which they have decided to constitute and of which the Commander-in-chief of this station will be given command.<ref>''Navy&mdash;Distribution and Mobilization of the Fleet'' (1905). Cd. 2335p. 3.</ref>
+
From 8 February, 1907 to 8 February, 1909, Rear-Admiral [[Frederick Samuel Inglefield|Frederick S. Inglefield]] was in command of the squadron, flying his flag in {{UK-Euryalus}}.<ref>Inglefield Service Record{{TNA|ADM 196/19}}.  f. 473.</ref>  By this time the command-in-chief status and the allusion to the North America and West Indies Station seems to have been abandoned.{{INF}}  Inglefield was succeeded at Portsmouth by Rear-Admiral [[Arthur Murray Farquhar|Arthur M. Farquhar]] on 8 February, 1909.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices)''The Times''.  Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914.  Issue '''38875''', col B, p. 7.</ref>  Rear-Admiral [[Edward Eden Bradford|Edward E. Bradford]] was appointed in command on 8 February, 1911, and struck his flag on 8 February, 1913.<ref>Bradford Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/38}}.  f. 168.</ref>  He was succeeded on the same day by Rear-Admiral [[Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock|Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock]].<ref>Cradock Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 89.</ref>  On 1 May, 1912, the Fourth Cruiser Squadron was renamed the Training Squadron.<ref>M. 11735/1229 March, 1912. {{TNA|ADM 1/8271}}.  f. 2 of Admiralty letter.</ref>
  
The situation was clarified in a further command paper on fleet dispositions, dated 15 March, 1905:
+
With Cradock's appointment in 1913 the Fourth Cruiser Squadron ceased to be a training squadron and became part of the [[First Fleet (Royal Navy)|First Fleet]].<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 21 January, 1913.  Issue '''40114''', col C, p. 10.</ref>  It was intended that it should be able to join the Commander-in-Chief in Home waters for manœuvres, but it was in effect permanently detached to protect British interests in Mexico.{{UKNavalOpsI|pp. 11-13}}
  
<blockquote>The constitution of the Particular Service Squadron under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, composed of the Flag Ship on that Station, and the five sea-going training ships for cadets, youths, and boys.  This forms the Fourth Cruiser Squadron.<ref>''Redistribution of the Fleet&mdash;Arrangements Consequent on the Redistribution of the Fleet'' (1905). Cd. 2430. p. 3.</ref></blockquote>
+
==Composition==
 +
===April, 1909===
 +
{{UK-Leviathan}} was made flagship on 20 April, but actually hoisted {{RearRN}} [[Arthur Murray Farquhar]]'s flag on 25 April, 1909.<ref>Farquhar Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/38.}} f. 444.</ref>
  
Further:
+
===December, 1912===
 +
<ref>Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum.  [BRG 1/1]</ref>
  
<blockquote>The Fourth Cruiser (Particular Service) Squadron which compromises the Flagship of the Vice-Admiral in command of the North America and West Indies Station, and the several seagoing training ships, will make three cruises annually in the West Indies and in Home and adjacent waters, returning home after each cruise at the dates fixed for changing the classes under training.<br><br>Under this arrangement it is estimated that the Fourth Cruiser Squadron will be cruising for 30 weeks, and will be at Home for 22 weeks.<br><br>The refit and docking of the ships, and the leave to officers and men, will take place in the course of the time spent in Home waters.<ref>''Redistribution of the Fleet&mdash;Arrangements Consequent on the Redistribution of the Fleet'' (1905).  Cd. 2430.  p. 5.</ref></blockquote>
+
*{{UK-1Suffolk}}
 +
*{{UK-1Berwick}}
 +
*{{UK-Donegal}}
  
From 8 February, 1907 to 8 February, 1909, Rear-Admiral [[Frederick Samuel Inglefield|Frederick S. Inglefield]] was in command of the squadron, flying his flag in [[H.M.S. Euryalus (1901)|H.M.S. ''Euryalus'']].<ref>Inglefield Service RecordThe National Archives.  ADM 196/19.  f. 473.</ref>  By this time the command-in-chief status and the allusion to the North America and West Indies Station seems to have been abandoned.{{INF}} Inglefield was succeeded at Portsmouth by Rear-Admiral [[Arthur Murray Farquhar|Arthur M. Farquhar]] on 8 February, 1909.<ref name=Times09>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914.  Issue '''38875''', col B, pg. 7.</ref> Rear-Admiral [[Edward Eden Bradford|Edward E. Bradford]] was appointed in command on 8 February, 1911, and struck his flag on 8 February, 1913.<ref>Bradford Service Record.  The National ArchivesADM 196/38.  f. 168.</ref>  He was succeeded on the same day by Rear-Admiral [[Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock|Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock]].<ref>Cradock Service Record.  The National Archives.  ADM 196/42.  f. 89.</ref>  On 1 May, 1912, the Fourth Cruiser Squadron was renamed the Training Squadron.<ref>M. 11735/12.  29 March, 1912.  The National Archives.  ADM 1/8271.  f. 2 of Admiralty letter.</ref> With Cradock's appointment in 1913 the Fourth Cruiser Squadron ceased to be a training squadron and became part of the [[First Fleet (Royal Navy)|First Fleet]].<ref name=Times13>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 21 January, 1913.  Issue '''40114''', col C, pg. 10.</ref>  It was intended that it should be able to join the Commander-in-Chief in Home waters for manœuvres, but it was in effect permanently detached to protect British interests in Mexico.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  '''I'''.  pp. 11-13.</ref>
+
===December, 1913===
 +
The West Atlantic squadron has gained a cruiser in net strength{{UK-Donegal}} left for an assignment I've yet to discover. New arrival {{UK-Essex}}'s point of origin is likewise a mystery.<ref>Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum.  [BRG 1/1]</ref>
 +
*{{UK-1Suffolk}} [[File:RAdm.png|border|25px]]
 +
*{{UK-1Berwick}}
 +
*{{UK-Essex}}
 +
*{{UK-Lancaster}} (joined from {{UK-CS|5}})
 +
*{{UK-Hermione}} (joined from {{UK-CS|11}})
  
==Rear-Admirals Commanding==
+
===July, 1914===
Dates of appointment given:
+
<ref>Printed page "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad" in Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum.  [BRG 1/1]</ref>
 +
A light cruiser has replaced {{UK-Hermione}}.
 +
*{{UK-1Suffolk}}
 +
*{{UK-1Berwick}}
 +
*{{UK-Essex}}
 +
*{{UK-Lancaster}}
 +
*{{UK-Bristol|f=t}}
  
*Rear-Admiral [[Frederick Samuel Inglefield|Frederick S. Inglefield]], 8 February, 1907.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Thursday, 10 January, 1907.  Issue '''38226''', col D, pg. 5.</ref>
+
===5 August, 1914===
*Rear-Admiral [[Arthur Murray Farquhar|Arthur M. Farquhar]], 8 February, 1909.<ref name=Times09/>
+
{{DittColl|p. 16}}
*Rear-Admiral [[Edward Eden Bradford|Edward E. Bradford]], 8 February, 1911.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 10 January, 1911.  Issue '''39478''', col B, pg. 4.</ref>
+
 
*Rear-Admiral [[Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock|Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock]], 8 February, 1913.<ref name=Times13/>
+
Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of:
 +
*{{UK-1Suffolk|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-1Berwick|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Bristol|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Essex|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Lancaster|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Glory|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Niobe|f=t}}
 +
*An auxiliary merchant cruiser
 +
 
 +
===September, 1914===
 +
{{SMNLSep14|p. 10}}
 +
 
 +
Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of:
 +
*{{UK-Glory|f=t}} (flag)
 +
*{{UK-1Suffolk|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Essex|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Lancaster|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-1Berwick|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Niobe|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Caronia|f=t}}
 +
 
 +
===January, 1915===
 +
{{UK-Lancaster}} has left to join the {{UK-CS|7}}.  The {{UK-Calgarian|f=t}} has joined.{{SMNLJan15|pp. 9-10}}
 +
 
 +
*{{UK-Glory|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-1Suffolk|f=t}} (flag)
 +
*{{UK-Essex|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-1Berwick|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Niobe|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Caronia|f=t}}
 +
*{{UK-Calgarian|f=t}}
 +
 
 +
==In Command==
 +
Dates of appointment given:
 +
<div name=fredbot:office0 otitle="Rear-Admiral Commanding, Fourth Cruiser Squadron" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Frederick Samuel Inglefield|nick=Frederick S. Inglefield|appt=8 February, 1907<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Thursday, 10 January, 1907.  Issue '''38226''', col D, p. 5.</ref><ref>Inglefield Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/19.}}  f. 473.</ref>|end=8 February, 1909<ref>Inglefield Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/19.}}  f. 473.</ref>|precBy=[[Day Hort Bosanquet|Sir Day H. Bosanquet]] as [[North America and West Indies Station|Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station]]}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Arthur Murray Farquhar|nick=Arthur M. Farquhar|appt=8 February, 1909<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914.  Issue '''38875''', col B, p. 7.</ref>|end=8 February, 1911<ref>Farquhar Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/38.}} f. 444.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Edward Eden Bradford|nick=Edward E. Bradford|appt=8 February, 1911<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 10 January, 1911.  Issue '''39478''', col B, p. 4.</ref>|end=8 February, 1913<ref>Bradford Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}}  f. 335.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock|nick=Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock|appt=8 February, 1913<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 21 January, 1913.  Issue '''40114''', col C, p. 10.</ref>|end=1 November, 1914|note=killed in command|succBy=[[Robert Stewart Phipps Hornby|Robert S. P. Hornby]] as [[North America and West Indies Station|Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station]]}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=Arthur John Layard Murray|nick=Arthur J. L. Murray|appt=c. mid 1939|end=1941}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=William George Tennant|nick=William George Tennant|ass=18 April, 1942|end=8 November, 1943}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Arthur Duncan Read|nick=Arthur D. Read|appt=November, 1943{{MackieRNSA}}|end=November, 1944{{MackieRNSA}}}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Eric James Patrick Brind|nick=Eric J. P. Brind|appt=October, 1944|end=4 January, 1946|succBy=Sir John H. Edelsten}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=John Hereward Edelsten|nick=John H. Edelsten|appt=January, 1946|end=}}
 +
</div name=fredbot:office0>
  
 
==Footnotes==
 
==Footnotes==
Line 27: Line 90:
 
==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
*[[Julian Stafford Corbett|Corbett, Sir Julian S.]] (1938).  ''Naval Operations: To the Battle of the Falklands December 1914''.  '''Vol. I'''.  London: Longmans, Green and Co..
 
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  
 
{{RNCruiserSquadrons|sort=4}}
 
{{RNCruiserSquadrons|sort=4}}

Revision as of 10:53, 10 November 2017

The Fourth Cruiser Squadron was called Cruiser Force H for a time at the start of the war. It often was the primary component of the North America and West Indies Station, sometimes being equivalent to that command.

History

From 8 February, 1907 to 8 February, 1909, Rear-Admiral Frederick S. Inglefield was in command of the squadron, flying his flag in Euryalus.[1] By this time the command-in-chief status and the allusion to the North America and West Indies Station seems to have been abandoned.[Inference] Inglefield was succeeded at Portsmouth by Rear-Admiral Arthur M. Farquhar on 8 February, 1909.[2] Rear-Admiral Edward E. Bradford was appointed in command on 8 February, 1911, and struck his flag on 8 February, 1913.[3] He was succeeded on the same day by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock.[4] On 1 May, 1912, the Fourth Cruiser Squadron was renamed the Training Squadron.[5]

With Cradock's appointment in 1913 the Fourth Cruiser Squadron ceased to be a training squadron and became part of the First Fleet.[6] It was intended that it should be able to join the Commander-in-Chief in Home waters for manœuvres, but it was in effect permanently detached to protect British interests in Mexico.[7]

Composition

April, 1909

Leviathan was made flagship on 20 April, but actually hoisted Rear-Admiral Arthur Murray Farquhar's flag on 25 April, 1909.[8]

December, 1912

[9]

December, 1913

The West Atlantic squadron has gained a cruiser in net strength. Donegal left for an assignment I've yet to discover. New arrival Essex's point of origin is likewise a mystery.[10]

July, 1914

[11] A light cruiser has replaced Hermione.

5 August, 1914

[12]

Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of:

September, 1914

[13]

Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of:

January, 1915

Lancaster has left to join the Seventh Cruiser Squadron. The armed merchant cruiser Calgarian has joined.[14]

In Command

Dates of appointment given:

Footnotes

  1. Inglefield Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/19. f. 473.
  2. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914. Issue 38875, col B, p. 7.
  3. Bradford Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 168.
  4. Cradock Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 89.
  5. M. 11735/12. 29 March, 1912. The National Archives. ADM 1/8271. f. 2 of Admiralty letter.
  6. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 21 January, 1913. Issue 40114, col C, p. 10.
  7. Naval Operations. Volume I. pp. 11-13.
  8. Farquhar Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 444.
  9. Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]
  10. Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]
  11. Printed page "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad" in Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]
  12. Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 16.
  13. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (September 1914). p. 10.
  14. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (January, 1915). pp. 9-10.
  15. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Thursday, 10 January, 1907. Issue 38226, col D, p. 5.
  16. Inglefield Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/19. f. 473.
  17. Inglefield Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/19. f. 473.
  18. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914. Issue 38875, col B, p. 7.
  19. Farquhar Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 444.
  20. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 10 January, 1911. Issue 39478, col B, p. 4.
  21. Bradford Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. f. 335.
  22. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 21 January, 1913. Issue 40114, col C, p. 10.
  23. Mackie, Colin. ROYAL NAVY SENIOR APPOINTMENTS.
  24. Mackie, Colin. ROYAL NAVY SENIOR APPOINTMENTS.

Bibliography


Cruiser Squadrons of the Royal Navy
First Cruiser Squadron | Second Cruiser Squadron | Third Cruiser Squadron | Fourth Cruiser Squadron | Fifth Cruiser Squadron
Sixth Cruiser Squadron | Seventh Cruiser Squadron | Eighth Cruiser Squadron | Ninth Cruiser Squadron | Tenth Cruiser Squadron
Eleventh Cruiser Squadron | Twelfth Cruiser Squadron | Fifteenth Cruiser Squadron | Eighteenth Cruiser Squadron
Cruiser Force F