http://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&feed=atom&action=historyBattle of the Falkland Islands - Revision history2024-03-29T11:31:33ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.24.2http://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=303313&oldid=prevTone: /* Armoured Cruiser Action */2020-10-10T18:25:05Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Armoured Cruiser Action</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:25, 10 October 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Gneisenau's'' forward funnel fell at 17:08 and her fire slackened, but one of her shells hit  ''Invincible'' at 17:15. She turned towards Invincible 15 minutes later. Sturdee ordered 'Cease fire', but cancelled it before the signal flags had been raised after Gneisenau fired a single gun.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Gneisenau's'' forward funnel fell at 17:08 and her fire slackened, but one of her shells hit  ''Invincible'' at 17:15. She turned towards Invincible 15 minutes later. Sturdee ordered 'Cease fire', but cancelled it before the signal flags had been raised after Gneisenau fired a single gun.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The three British ships closed on Gneisenau at 17:40. One of her flags appeared to be hauled down, but another was still flying. Ten minutes later Sturdee signalled 'Cease fire.' At 18:00 Gneisenau suddenly turned over and sank.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The three British ships closed on <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Gneisenau<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>at 17:40. One of her flags appeared to be hauled down, but another was still flying. Ten minutes later Sturdee signalled 'Cease fire.' At 18:00 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Gneisenau<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>suddenly turned over and sank.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She had been pounded from 4,000 yards before being scuttled on the orders of Kapitän Julius Maerker. He did not survive, but Hans Pochhammer, his second in command, did. Invincible picked up 108 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">men</del>, ''Inflexible'' 62 and ''Carnarvon'' 20. Over 2,000 Germans were killed or drowned.<ref>Bennett. Naval Battles of the First World War. p. 105.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She had been pounded from 4,000 yards before being scuttled on the orders of Kapitän Julius Maerker. He did not survive, but Hans Pochhammer, his second in command, did. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Invincible<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>picked up 108 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">survivors</ins>, ''Inflexible'' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fetched </ins>62 and ''Carnarvon'' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">an additional </ins>20. Over 2,000 Germans were killed or drowned.<ref>Bennett. Naval Battles of the First World War. p. 105.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Invincible suffered no significant damage and no casualties, ''Carnarvon'' was not hit and ''Inflexible'' had one man killed and three wounded.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  pp. 425-26.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Invincible<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>suffered no significant damage and no casualties, ''Carnarvon'' was not hit and ''Inflexible'' had one man killed and three wounded.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  pp. 425-26.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Light Cruiser Action==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Light Cruiser Action==</div></td></tr>
</table>Tonehttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295457&oldid=prevTone: /* Von Spee's Plan */2020-01-09T23:22:13Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Von Spee's Plan</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:22, 9 January 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Falkland Islanders had expected to be attacked by Spee since 25 November, when they learnt that Spee had defeated a British squadron at Coronel. They had formed a local defence force in case of invasion, whilst Captain Heathcoat Grant had deliberately beached the pre-dreadnought battleship {{UK-Canopus|f=p}} on mud to protect the harbour. A signal station had been established on Sapper Hill in order to watch for enemy ships and to direct ''Canopus''{{'}}s fire. A row of electric mines laid across the entrance to the outer harbour.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Falkland Islanders had expected to be attacked by Spee since 25 November, when they learnt that Spee had defeated a British squadron at Coronel. They had formed a local defence force in case of invasion, whilst Captain Heathcoat Grant had deliberately beached the pre-dreadnought battleship {{UK-Canopus|f=p}} on mud to protect the harbour. A signal station had been established on Sapper Hill in order to watch for enemy ships and to direct ''Canopus''{{'}}s fire. A row of electric mines laid across the entrance to the outer harbour.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 1938 edition of ''Naval Operations'', the British Official History, revised after the publication of the German Official History, ''Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918'', says that Spee expected to meet only the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS ''Canopus'', the {{UK-Carnarvon|f=t}}, and possibly the armoured cruisers {{UK-Defence|f=p}} and {{UK-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cornwall</del>}} and the {{UK-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Glasgow</del>|f=t}}.  The Germans knew that they could outrun ''Canopus'' and had heavier guns than all the others except ''Defence'' and ''Carnarvon''.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  p. 411.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 1938 edition of ''Naval Operations'', the British Official History, revised after the publication of the German Official History, ''Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918'', says that Spee expected to meet only the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS ''Canopus'', the {{UK-Carnarvon|f=t}}, and possibly the armoured cruisers {{UK-Defence|f=p}} and {{UK-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1Cornwall</ins>}} and the {{UK-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1Glasgow</ins>|f=t}}.  The Germans knew that they could outrun ''Canopus'' and had heavier guns than all the others except ''Defence'' and ''Carnarvon''.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  p. 411.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td></tr>
</table>Tonehttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295456&oldid=prevTone: /* Von Spee's Plan */2020-01-09T23:17:52Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Von Spee's Plan</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 07:50 the British look outs spotted ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' approaching. Coaling had been slow because the first of Sturdee's own colliers had only just arrived at the Falklands to join three that were already there. Only ''Carnarvon'' and ''Glasgow'' had completed coaling. The battlecruisers and Bristol were coaling and the other three ships had not yet started to do so. ''Kent'', as guardship, had steam at 30 minutes notice and the others were at two hours notice, except ''Bristol'' which needed engine repairs, so was at six hours notice. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. p. 163.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 07:50 the British look outs spotted ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' approaching. Coaling had been slow because the first of Sturdee's own colliers had only just arrived at the Falklands to join three that were already there. Only ''Carnarvon'' and ''Glasgow'' had completed coaling. The battlecruisers and Bristol were coaling and the other three ships had not yet started to do so. ''Kent'', as guardship, had steam at 30 minutes notice and the others were at two hours notice, except ''Bristol'' which needed engine repairs, so was at six hours notice. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. p. 163.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 08:00 the Germans spotted wireless masts and heavy smoke, which they initially assumed was the British burning their coal stocks. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gneisenau</del>'<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">s gunnery office, </del>''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kapitänleutnant</del>'' Busch, is believed to have reported seeing tripod masts, which would have meant that British dreadnought battlecruisers or battleships were present. However, his report was not believed. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. p. 166.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 08:00 the Germans spotted wireless masts and heavy smoke, which they initially assumed was the British burning their coal stocks. ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gneisenau</ins>''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{</ins>'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}s gunnery officer, {{KapLeut}} </ins>Busch, is believed to have reported seeing tripod masts, which would have meant that British dreadnought battlecruisers or battleships were present. However, his report was not believed. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. p. 166.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following account is based on Sturdee's Despatch, available from the [World War I Document Archive], unless otherwise footnoted.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following account is based on Sturdee's Despatch, available from the [World War I Document Archive], unless otherwise footnoted.</div></td></tr>
</table>Tonehttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295455&oldid=prevTone: /* Von Spee's Plan */2020-01-09T23:16:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Von Spee's Plan</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Von Spee's East Asia Squadron of the armoured cruisers {{DE-Scharnhorst}} and {{DE-Gneisenau}} and the light cruisers {{DE-Dresden}}, {{DE-Leipzig}} and {{DE-Nurnberg}} arrived at the Falkland Islands on the morning of 8 December, a day after Sturdee's squadron . Their intention was to destroy the local facilities and wireless station.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Von Spee's East Asia Squadron of the armoured cruisers {{DE-Scharnhorst}} and {{DE-Gneisenau}} and the light cruisers {{DE-Dresden}}, {{DE-Leipzig}} and {{DE-Nurnberg}} arrived at the Falkland Islands on the morning of 8 December, a day after Sturdee's squadron . Their intention was to destroy the local facilities and wireless station.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Falkland Islanders had expected to be attacked by Spee since 25 November, when they learnt that Spee had defeated a British squadron at Coronel. They had formed a local defence force in case of invasion, whilst Captain Heathcoat Grant had deliberately beached the pre-dreadnought battleship <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">HMS </del>Canopus on mud to protect the harbour. A signal station had been established on Sapper Hill in order to watch for enemy ships and to direct Canopus's fire. A row of electric mines laid across the entrance to the outer harbour.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Falkland Islanders had expected to be attacked by Spee since 25 November, when they learnt that Spee had defeated a British squadron at Coronel. They had formed a local defence force in case of invasion, whilst Captain Heathcoat Grant had deliberately beached the pre-dreadnought battleship <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{UK-</ins>Canopus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|f=p}} </ins>on mud to protect the harbour. A signal station had been established on Sapper Hill in order to watch for enemy ships and to direct <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Canopus'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'{{'}}</ins>s fire. A row of electric mines laid across the entrance to the outer harbour.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 1938 edition of ''Naval Operations'', the British Official History, revised after the publication of the German Official History, ''Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918'', says that Spee expected to meet only the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS ''Canopus'', the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">armoured cruiser HMS  ''</del>Carnarvon<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>, and possibly the armoured cruisers <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">HMS </del>Defence and Cornwall and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">light cruiser HMS ''</del>Glasgow<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>.  The Germans could outrun ''Canopus'' and had heavier guns than all the others except ''Defence'' and ''Carnarvon''.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  p. 411.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 1938 edition of ''Naval Operations'', the British Official History, revised after the publication of the German Official History, ''Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918'', says that Spee expected to meet only the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS ''Canopus'', the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{UK-</ins>Carnarvon<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|f=t}}</ins>, and possibly the armoured cruisers <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{UK-</ins>Defence<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|f=p}} </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{UK-</ins>Cornwall<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}} </ins>and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{UK-</ins>Glasgow<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|f=t}}</ins>.  The Germans <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">knew that they </ins>could outrun ''Canopus'' and had heavier guns than all the others except ''Defence'' and ''Carnarvon''.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  p. 411.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td></tr>
</table>Tonehttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295454&oldid=prevTone at 23:14, 9 January 20202020-01-09T23:14:12Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
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<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:14, 9 January 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Battle of the Falkland Islands''' was a naval engagement fought between elements of the [[Royal Navy]] and the [[Imperial German Navy|Kaiserliche Marine]] on 8 December, 1914 near the Falkland Islands.  It came a little over a month after the defeat of the [[British South Atlantic Squadron|South Atlantic Squadron]] at the [[Battle of Coronel]] and saw [[Maximilian Johannes Maria Hubert Reichsgraf von Spee|Graf von Spee's]] squadron effectively annihilated by a powerful British force under the command of [[Frederick Charles Doveton Sturdee]] especially assembled to avenge Coronel.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Battle of the Falkland Islands''' was a naval engagement fought between elements of the [[Royal Navy]] and the [[Imperial German Navy|Kaiserliche Marine]] on 8 December, 1914 near the Falkland Islands.  It came a little over a month after the defeat of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">British </ins>[[British South Atlantic Squadron|South Atlantic Squadron]] at the [[Battle of Coronel]] and saw [[Maximilian Johannes Maria Hubert Reichsgraf von Spee|Graf von Spee's]] squadron effectively annihilated by a powerful British force under the command of [[Frederick Charles Doveton Sturdee]] especially assembled to avenge <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the loss at </ins>Coronel.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==British Dispositions==  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==British Dispositions==  </div></td></tr>
</table>Tonehttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295384&oldid=prevMartin Gibson: /* Armoured Cruiser Action */2020-01-08T11:38:27Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Armoured Cruiser Action</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:38, 8 January 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 66:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 66:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The three British ships closed on Gneisenau at 17:40. One of her flags appeared to be hauled down, but another was still flying. Ten minutes later Sturdee signalled 'Cease fire.' At 18:00 Gneisenau suddenly turned over and sank.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The three British ships closed on Gneisenau at 17:40. One of her flags appeared to be hauled down, but another was still flying. Ten minutes later Sturdee signalled 'Cease fire.' At 18:00 Gneisenau suddenly turned over and sank.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She had been pounded from 4,000 yards before being scuttled on the orders of Kapitän Julius Maerker. He did not survive, but Hans Pochhammer, his second in command, did. Invincible picked up 108 men<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, 14 of whom were found to be dead</del>, ''Inflexible'' 62 and ''Carnarvon'' 20.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She had been pounded from 4,000 yards before being scuttled on the orders of Kapitän Julius Maerker. He did not survive, but Hans Pochhammer, his second in command, did. Invincible picked up 108 men, ''Inflexible'' 62 and ''Carnarvon'' 20. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Over 2,000 Germans were killed or drowned.<ref>Bennett. Naval Battles of the First World War. p. 105.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Invincible suffered no significant damage and no casualties, ''Carnarvon'' was not hit and ''Inflexible'' had one man killed and three wounded.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  pp. 425-26.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Invincible suffered no significant damage and no casualties, ''Carnarvon'' was not hit and ''Inflexible'' had one man killed and three wounded.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  pp. 425-26.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Martin Gibsonhttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295383&oldid=prevMartin Gibson: /* Armoured Cruiser Action */2020-01-08T11:31:07Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Armoured Cruiser Action</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:31, 8 January 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>From 13:20, when the range was down to 15,000 yards, the action split into the battle split into two separate actions as a result of von Spee's decision to sacrifice his armoured cruisers, their crews and himself in order to give his light cruisers a chance to escape.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>From 13:20, when the range was down to 15,000 yards, the action split into the battle split into two separate actions as a result of von Spee's decision to sacrifice his armoured cruisers, their crews and himself in order to give his light cruisers a chance to escape.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 13:25 the Germans turned to port, opening fire five minutes later. Sturdee wanted to keep the range between 13,500 yards (the maximum of the German 8.2 inch guns) and 16,400 yards (the maximum of the British 12 inch guns). Spee wanted to close to less than the 12,000 yard range of his 5.9 inch guns.<ref>Marder. ''From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow''. pp. 122-23.<ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 13:25 the Germans turned to port, opening fire five minutes later. Sturdee wanted to keep the range between 13,500 yards (the maximum of the German 8.2 inch guns) and 16,400 yards (the maximum of the British 12 inch guns). Spee wanted to close to less than the 12,000 yard range of his 5.9 inch guns.<ref>Marder. ''From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow''. pp. 122-23.<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/</ins>ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon afterwards, Sturdee ordered a turn and by 14:000 the range had opened to 16,450 yards.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon afterwards, Sturdee ordered a turn and by 14:000 the range had opened to 16,450 yards.</div></td></tr>
</table>Martin Gibsonhttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295382&oldid=prevMartin Gibson: /* Armoured Cruiser Action */2020-01-08T11:30:37Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Armoured Cruiser Action</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:30, 8 January 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>From 13:20, when the range was down to 15,000 yards, the action split into the battle split into two separate actions as a result of von Spee's decision to sacrifice his armoured cruisers, their crews and himself in order to give his light cruisers a chance to escape.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>From 13:20, when the range was down to 15,000 yards, the action split into the battle split into two separate actions as a result of von Spee's decision to sacrifice his armoured cruisers, their crews and himself in order to give his light cruisers a chance to escape.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 13:25 the Germans turned to port, opening fire five minutes later. Sturdee wanted to keep the range between 13,500 yards (the maximum of the German 8.2 inch guns) and 16,400 yards (the maximum of the British 12 inch guns). Spee wanted to close to less than the 12,000 yard range of his 5.9 inch guns.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 13:25 the Germans turned to port, opening fire five minutes later. Sturdee wanted to keep the range between 13,500 yards (the maximum of the German 8.2 inch guns) and 16,400 yards (the maximum of the British 12 inch guns). Spee wanted to close to less than the 12,000 yard range of his 5.9 inch guns.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Marder. ''From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow''. pp. 122-23.<ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon afterwards, Sturdee ordered a turn and by 14:000 the range had opened to 16,450 yards.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon afterwards, Sturdee ordered a turn and by 14:000 the range had opened to 16,450 yards.</div></td></tr>
</table>Martin Gibsonhttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295381&oldid=prevMartin Gibson at 11:27, 8 January 20202020-01-08T11:27:40Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:27, 8 January 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 21:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Falkland Islanders had expected to be attacked by Spee since 25 November, when they learnt that Spee had defeated a British squadron at Coronel. They had formed a local defence force in case of invasion, whilst Captain Heathcoat Grant had deliberately beached the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Canopus on mud to protect the harbour. A signal station had been established on Sapper Hill in order to watch for enemy ships and to direct Canopus's fire. A row of electric mines laid across the entrance to the outer harbour.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Falkland Islanders had expected to be attacked by Spee since 25 November, when they learnt that Spee had defeated a British squadron at Coronel. They had formed a local defence force in case of invasion, whilst Captain Heathcoat Grant had deliberately beached the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Canopus on mud to protect the harbour. A signal station had been established on Sapper Hill in order to watch for enemy ships and to direct Canopus's fire. A row of electric mines laid across the entrance to the outer harbour.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 1938 edition of ''Naval Operations'', the British Official History, revised after the publication of the German Official History, ''Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918'', says that Spee expected to meet only the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS ''Canopus'', the armoured cruiser HMS  ''Carnarvon'', and possibly the armoured cruisers HMS Defence and Cornwall and the light cruiser HMS ''Glasgow''.  The Germans could outrun ''Canopus'' and had heavier guns than all the others except ''Defence'' and ''Carnarvon''.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pp</del>. 411.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 1938 edition of ''Naval Operations'', the British Official History, revised after the publication of the German Official History, ''Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918'', says that Spee expected to meet only the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS ''Canopus'', the armoured cruiser HMS  ''Carnarvon'', and possibly the armoured cruisers HMS Defence and Cornwall and the light cruiser HMS ''Glasgow''.  The Germans could outrun ''Canopus'' and had heavier guns than all the others except ''Defence'' and ''Carnarvon''.<ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p</ins>. 411.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 07:50 the British look outs spotted ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' approaching. Coaling had been slow because the first of Sturdee's own colliers had only just arrived at the Falklands to join three that were already there. Only ''Carnarvon'' and ''Glasgow'' had completed coaling. The battlecruisers and Bristol were coaling and the other three ships had not yet started to do so. ''Kent'', as guardship, had steam at 30 minutes notice and the others were at two hours notice, except ''Bristol'' which needed engine repairs, so was at six hours notice. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pp</del>. 163.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 07:50 the British look outs spotted ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' approaching. Coaling had been slow because the first of Sturdee's own colliers had only just arrived at the Falklands to join three that were already there. Only ''Carnarvon'' and ''Glasgow'' had completed coaling. The battlecruisers and Bristol were coaling and the other three ships had not yet started to do so. ''Kent'', as guardship, had steam at 30 minutes notice and the others were at two hours notice, except ''Bristol'' which needed engine repairs, so was at six hours notice. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p</ins>. 163.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 08:00 the Germans spotted wireless masts and heavy smoke, which they initially assumed was the British burning their coal stocks. Gneisenau's gunnery office, ''Kapitänleutnant'' Busch, is believed to have reported seeing tripod masts, which would have meant that British dreadnought battlecruisers or battleships were present. However, his report was not believed. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pp</del>. 166.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 08:00 the Germans spotted wireless masts and heavy smoke, which they initially assumed was the British burning their coal stocks. Gneisenau's gunnery office, ''Kapitänleutnant'' Busch, is believed to have reported seeing tripod masts, which would have meant that British dreadnought battlecruisers or battleships were present. However, his report was not believed. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p</ins>. 166.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following account is based on Sturdee's Despatch, available from the [World War I Document Archive], unless otherwise footnoted.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following account is based on Sturdee's Despatch, available from the [World War I Document Archive], unless otherwise footnoted.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 41:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 41:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The Naval Staff Monograph'' says the Germans saw the six British ships leaving the harbour at 10:00, but identified them as being two pre-dreadnought battleships, three armoured cruisers and a light cruiser and did not realise that could see that the two largest ships were battlecruisers rather than pre-dreadnoughts until 10:20. The Germans were then heading east at 20 knots, The subsequent battle was so one sided that the ''Naval Staff Monograph'' concludes its account at this point by saying that 'von Spee knew that his hour had come.'<ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I'' . pp. 163.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The Naval Staff Monograph'' says the Germans saw the six British ships leaving the harbour at 10:00, but identified them as being two pre-dreadnought battleships, three armoured cruisers and a light cruiser and did not realise that could see that the two largest ships were battlecruisers rather than pre-dreadnoughts until 10:20. The Germans were then heading east at 20 knots, The subsequent battle was so one sided that the ''Naval Staff Monograph'' concludes its account at this point by saying that 'von Spee knew that his hour had come.'<ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I'' . pp. 163.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Naval Operations'' states that the Germans identified the battlecruisers at 09:40. Whenever they made the identification, it came as a great shock to them. There had been US newspaper reports that Invincible had been sent south, but Spee was unaware of them.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Naval Operations'' states that the Germans identified the battlecruisers at 09:40. Whenever they made the identification, it came as a great shock to them. There had been US newspaper reports that Invincible had been sent south, but Spee was unaware of them.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  p. 416.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's squadron could out run but not out fight pre-dreadnoughts. It could neither out run nor out fight battlecruisers. Withdrawing was the best action if he thought that he faced pre-dreadnoughts, but if he had realised that he faced battlecruisers, his only chance would have been to attack the first ship to leave harbour, Kent, in the hope of sinking her and obstructing the exit of the rest of the British squadron.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's squadron could out run but not out fight pre-dreadnoughts. It could neither out run nor out fight battlecruisers. Withdrawing was the best action if he thought that he faced pre-dreadnoughts, but if he had realised that he faced battlecruisers, his only chance would have been to attack the first ship to leave harbour, Kent, in the hope of sinking her and obstructing the exit of the rest of the British squadron.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By the time that the battlecruisers had been identified, Spee's only hope was that his doomed armoured cruisers could hold the British off for long enough that his three light cruisers might escape in order to carry out commerce raiding. Naval Operations <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">says </del>that in doing so Spee had taken 'a decision which did him and his service the highest honour.'</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By the time that the battlecruisers had been identified, Spee's only hope was that his doomed armoured cruisers could hold the British off for long enough that his three light cruisers might escape in order to carry out commerce raiding. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sir Julian Corbett writes in ''</ins>Naval Operations<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>that in doing so Spee had taken 'a decision which did him and his service the highest honour.'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  p. 419.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Armoured Cruiser Action==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Armoured Cruiser Action==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 58:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 58:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Germans turned away 10 minutes later, beginning another chase. The battlecruisers opened fire at 14:45. The Germans turned at 14:53, opening fire two minutes later.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Germans turned away 10 minutes later, beginning another chase. The battlecruisers opened fire at 14:45. The Germans turned at 14:53, opening fire two minutes later.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Naval Operations'' says that the German 5.9 inch guns were in range by 14:59, but had little effect at their maximum range. The smoke from the battlecruisers was making gunnery very difficult for both sides, but ''Gneisenau'' was listing by 15:10. Five minutes later, ''Scharnhorst'', which was on fire and whose fire was slackening, lost a funnel.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Naval Operations'' says that the German 5.9 inch guns were in range by 14:59, but had little effect at their maximum range. The smoke from the battlecruisers was making gunnery very difficult for both sides, but ''Gneisenau'' was listing by 15:10. Five minutes later, ''Scharnhorst'', which was on fire and whose fire was slackening, lost a funnel.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  pp. 421-26.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 15:30 ''Scharnhorst'' turned, apparently to bring her starboard guns into action. She was on fire and steam was coming from her. She listed suddenly listed heavily to port with her colours were still flying and at 16:17 sank with all hands.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 15:30 ''Scharnhorst'' turned, apparently to bring her starboard guns into action. She was on fire and steam was coming from her. She listed suddenly listed heavily to port with her colours were still flying and at 16:17 sank with all hands.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 68:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 68:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She had been pounded from 4,000 yards before being scuttled on the orders of Kapitän Julius Maerker. He did not survive, but Hans Pochhammer, his second in command, did. Invincible picked up 108 men, 14 of whom were found to be dead, ''Inflexible'' 62 and ''Carnarvon'' 20.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She had been pounded from 4,000 yards before being scuttled on the orders of Kapitän Julius Maerker. He did not survive, but Hans Pochhammer, his second in command, did. Invincible picked up 108 men, 14 of whom were found to be dead, ''Inflexible'' 62 and ''Carnarvon'' 20.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Invincible suffered no significant damage and no casualties, ''Carnarvon'' was not hit and ''Inflexible'' had one man killed and three wounded.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Invincible suffered no significant damage and no casualties, ''Carnarvon'' was not hit and ''Inflexible'' had one man killed and three wounded.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Corbett.  ''Naval Operations''.  pp. 425-26.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Light Cruiser Action==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Light Cruiser Action==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 116:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 116:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{refbegin}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{refbegin}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Bennett, Geoffrey (1962).  ''Coronel and the Falklands''.  London: B. T. Batsford Ltd.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Bennett, Geoffrey (1962).  ''Coronel and the Falklands''.  London: B. T. Batsford Ltd.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*Bennett, Geoffrey (1974).  ''Naval Battles of the First World War''.  London: Pan Books Ltd.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Corbett, Sir Julian (1968). ''Naval Operations Volume I''. London: London: HMSO.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Corbett, Sir Julian (1968). ''Naval Operations Volume I''. London: London: HMSO.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*Marder, Arthur (1965). ''From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow Volume II''. Barnsley: Seaforth.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division (November, 1920).  ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''.  O.U. 5413 (late C.B. 917).  Copy No 292 at The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3185179&SearchInit=4&SearchType=6&CATREF=ADM+186%2F605 ADM 186/605.]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division (November, 1920).  ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''.  O.U. 5413 (late C.B. 917).  Copy No 292 at The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3185179&SearchInit=4&SearchType=6&CATREF=ADM+186%2F605 ADM 186/605.]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division (October, 1923).  ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume IX''.  O.U. 5413G (late C.B. 917(G)).  Copy No 213 at The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3185191&SearchInit=4&SearchType=6&CATREF=ADM+186%2F617 ADM 186/617.]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division (October, 1923).  ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume IX''.  O.U. 5413G (late C.B. 917(G)).  Copy No 213 at The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3185191&SearchInit=4&SearchType=6&CATREF=ADM+186%2F617 ADM 186/617.]</div></td></tr>
</table>Martin Gibsonhttp://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands&diff=295380&oldid=prevMartin Gibson: /* Von Spee's Plan */2020-01-08T11:01:33Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Von Spee's Plan</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:01, 8 January 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 25:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 25:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Spee's plan was that ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' would carry out the attack, with the rest of his squadron standing off in support. They would enter Port Stanley behind a line of minesweeping boats. ''Gneisenau'' would take the Governor on board, whilst ''Nürnberg'' would enter the inner harbour and destroy the dockyard and wireless station. If hostile warships were present, they would withdraw to the rest of the squadron.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 07:50 the British look outs spotted ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' approaching. Coaling had been slow because the first of Sturdee's own colliers had only just arrived at the Falklands to join three that were already there. Only ''Carnarvon'' and ''Glasgow'' had completed coaling. The battlecruisers and Bristol were coaling and the other three ships had not yet started to do so. ''Kent'', as guardship, had steam at 30 minutes notice and the others were at two hours notice, except ''Bristol'' which needed engine repairs, so was at six hours notice. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''.pp. 163.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 07:50 the British look outs spotted ''Gneisenau'' and ''Nürnberg'' approaching. Coaling had been slow because the first of Sturdee's own colliers had only just arrived at the Falklands to join three that were already there. Only ''Carnarvon'' and ''Glasgow'' had completed coaling. The battlecruisers and Bristol were coaling and the other three ships had not yet started to do so. ''Kent'', as guardship, had steam at 30 minutes notice and the others were at two hours notice, except ''Bristol'' which needed engine repairs, so was at six hours notice. <ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I''. pp. 163.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 08:00 the Germans spotted wireless masts and heavy smoke, which they initially assumed was the British burning their coal stocks. Gneisenau's gunnery office, ''Kapitänleutnant'' Busch, is believed to have reported seeing tripod masts, which would have meant that British dreadnought battlecruisers or battleships were present. However, his report was not believed.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At 08:00 the Germans spotted wireless masts and heavy smoke, which they initially assumed was the British burning their coal stocks. Gneisenau's gunnery office, ''Kapitänleutnant'' Busch, is believed to have reported seeing tripod masts, which would have meant that British dreadnought battlecruisers or battleships were present. However, his report was not believed. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.) </ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Volume I''. pp. 166.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following account is based on Sturdee's Despatch, available from the [World War I Document Archive], unless otherwise footnoted.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following account is based on Sturdee's Despatch, available from the [World War I Document Archive], unless otherwise footnoted.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Canopus'' missed the German ships, but the size of water splashes from her shells indicated that they were from 12 inch guns. Spee ordered his ships to turn away after ''Gneisenau'' reported that there were six enemy warships present.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Canopus'' missed the German ships, but the size of water splashes from her shells indicated that they were from 12 inch guns. Spee ordered his ships to turn away after ''Gneisenau'' reported that there were six enemy warships present.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The Naval Staff Monograph'' says the Germans saw the six British ships leaving the harbour at 10:00, but identified them as being two pre-dreadnought battleships, three armoured cruisers and a light cruiser and did not realise that could see that the two largest ships were battlecruisers rather than pre-dreadnoughts until 10:20. The Germans were then heading east at 20 knots, The subsequent battle was so one sided that the ''Naval Staff Monograph'' concludes its account at this point by saying that 'von Spee knew that his hour had come.'  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The Naval Staff Monograph'' says the Germans saw the six British ships leaving the harbour at 10:00, but identified them as being two pre-dreadnought battleships, three armoured cruisers and a light cruiser and did not realise that could see that the two largest ships were battlecruisers rather than pre-dreadnoughts until 10:20. The Germans were then heading east at 20 knots, The subsequent battle was so one sided that the ''Naval Staff Monograph'' concludes its account at this point by saying that 'von Spee knew that his hour had come.'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Naval Staff. ''Naval Staff Monographs. (Fleet Issue.)  Volume I'' . pp. 163.</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Naval Operations'' states that the Germans identified the battlecruisers at 09:40. Whenever they made the identification, it came as a great shock to them. There had been US newspaper reports that Invincible had been sent south, but Spee was unaware of them.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Naval Operations'' states that the Germans identified the battlecruisers at 09:40. Whenever they made the identification, it came as a great shock to them. There had been US newspaper reports that Invincible had been sent south, but Spee was unaware of them.  </div></td></tr>
</table>Martin Gibson