Difference between revisions of "Acheron Class Destroyer (1910)"
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− | Twenty-nine [[Destroyer|destroyers]] of the '''''Acheron'' Class''' were completed between 1911 and 1912. Twenty were part of the 1910-1911 Programme, and an additional six (later nine) Specials were ordered. | + | Twenty-nine [[Destroyer|destroyers]] of the '''''Acheron'' Class''' (redesignated the '''"I" class''' in October, 1913){{Conways1906|p. 75}}) were completed between 1911 and 1912. Twenty were part of the 1910-1911 Programme, and an additional six (later nine) Specials were ordered. |
They were the last Royal Navy destroyers to use the 12-pdr gun. | They were the last Royal Navy destroyers to use the 12-pdr gun. | ||
− | Most served in the {{UK-DF|1}} where their 60 test runs of 21-in Mark II torpedoes in the first half of 1916 were judged 87% likely to endanger the enemy.{{ARTS1916|p. 87}} Other units served elsewhere; {{UK-Oak}} served as the dispatch vessel to {{UK-IronDuke}} and {{UK- | + | Most served in the {{UK-DF|1}} where their 60 test runs of 21-in Mark II torpedoes in the first half of 1916 were judged 87% likely to endanger the enemy.{{ARTS1916|p. 87}} Other units served elsewhere; {{UK-Oak}} served as the dispatch vessel to {{UK-IronDuke}} and {{UK-1Firedrake}} and {{UK-Lurcher}} served with submarine flotillas in Harwich.{{March|p. 122}} |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
<div name=fredbot:ships> | <div name=fredbot:ships> | ||
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|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Goshawk}} | | {{Template:UK-Goshawk}} | ||
− | |[[Beardmore]] | + | |[[William Beardmore & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|18 Oct, 1911 | |18 Oct, 1911 | ||
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|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Hind}} | | {{Template:UK-Hind}} | ||
− | |[[John Brown]] | + | |[[John Brown & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|28 Jul, 1911 | |28 Jul, 1911 | ||
Line 36: | Line 34: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Hornet}} | | {{Template:UK-Hornet}} | ||
− | |[[John Brown]] | + | |[[John Brown & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|20 Dec, 1911 | |20 Dec, 1911 | ||
Line 43: | Line 41: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Hydra}} | | {{Template:UK-Hydra}} | ||
− | |[[John Brown]] | + | |[[John Brown & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|19 Feb, 1912 | |19 Feb, 1912 | ||
Line 49: | Line 47: | ||
| 9 May, 1921 | | 9 May, 1921 | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
− | | {{Template:UK- | + | | {{Template:UK-1Defender}} |
− | |[[Denny]] | + | |[[William Denny & Brothers]] |
| | | | ||
|30 Aug, 1911 | |30 Aug, 1911 | ||
Line 57: | Line 55: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Druid}} | | {{Template:UK-Druid}} | ||
− | |[[Denny]] | + | |[[William Denny & Brothers]] |
| | | | ||
|4 Dec, 1911 | |4 Dec, 1911 | ||
Line 71: | Line 69: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Jackal}} | | {{Template:UK-Jackal}} | ||
− | |[[Hawthorn Leslie]] | + | |[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|9 Sep, 1911 | |9 Sep, 1911 | ||
Line 78: | Line 76: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Tigress}} | | {{Template:UK-Tigress}} | ||
− | |[[Hawthorn Leslie]] | + | |[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|20 Dec, 1911 | |20 Dec, 1911 | ||
Line 98: | Line 96: | ||
| 4 Nov, 1921 | | 4 Nov, 1921 | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
− | | {{Template:UK- | + | | {{Template:UK-1Phoenix}} |
|[[Vickers]] | |[[Vickers]] | ||
| | | | ||
Line 106: | Line 104: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Ferret}} | | {{Template:UK-Ferret}} | ||
− | |[[J. | + | |[[J. Samuel White]] |
|Sep, 1910 | |Sep, 1910 | ||
|12 Apr, 1911 | |12 Apr, 1911 | ||
Line 112: | Line 110: | ||
| 9 May, 1921 | | 9 May, 1921 | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
− | | {{Template:UK- | + | | {{Template:UK-1Forester}} |
− | |[[J. | + | |[[J. Samuel White]] |
| | | | ||
|1 Jun, 1911 | |1 Jun, 1911 | ||
Line 120: | Line 118: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Archer}} | | {{Template:UK-Archer}} | ||
− | |[[Yarrow]] | + | |[[Yarrow & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|21 Oct, 1911 | |21 Oct, 1911 | ||
Line 127: | Line 125: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Attack}} | | {{Template:UK-Attack}} | ||
− | |[[Yarrow]] | + | |[[Yarrow & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|21 Dec, 1911 | |21 Dec, 1911 | ||
Line 133: | Line 131: | ||
|Mined 30 Dec, 1917 | |Mined 30 Dec, 1917 | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
− | | {{Template:UK- | + | | {{Template:UK-1Acheron}} |
− | |[[Thornycroft]] | + | |[[John I. Thornycroft & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|27 Jun, 1911 | |27 Jun, 1911 | ||
Line 141: | Line 139: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Ariel}} | | {{Template:UK-Ariel}} | ||
− | |[[Thornycroft]] | + | |[[John I. Thornycroft & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|26 Sep, 1911 | |26 Sep, 1911 | ||
Line 148: | Line 146: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Badger}} | | {{Template:UK-Badger}} | ||
− | |[[Denny]] | + | |[[William Denny & Brothers]] |
| | | | ||
|11 Jul, 1911 | |11 Jul, 1911 | ||
Line 155: | Line 153: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Beaver}} | | {{Template:UK-Beaver}} | ||
− | |[[Denny]] | + | |[[William Denny & Brothers]] |
| | | | ||
|6 Oct, 1911 | |6 Oct, 1911 | ||
Line 161: | Line 159: | ||
| 9 May, 1921 | | 9 May, 1921 | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
− | | {{Template:UK- | + | | {{Template:UK-1Firedrake}} |
− | |[[Yarrow]] | + | |[[Yarrow & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|9 Apr, 1912 | |9 Apr, 1912 | ||
Line 169: | Line 167: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Lurcher}} | | {{Template:UK-Lurcher}} | ||
− | |[[Yarrow]] | + | |[[Yarrow & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|1 Jun, 1912 | |1 Jun, 1912 | ||
Line 176: | Line 174: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:UK-Oak}} | | {{Template:UK-Oak}} | ||
− | |[[Yarrow]] | + | |[[Yarrow & Company]] |
| | | | ||
|5 Sep, 1912 | |5 Sep, 1912 | ||
Line 183: | Line 181: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:AU-Parramatta}} | | {{Template:AU-Parramatta}} | ||
− | |[[Fairfield]] | + | |[[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]] |
| | | | ||
|9 Feb, 1910 | |9 Feb, 1910 | ||
Line 190: | Line 188: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:AU-Warrego}} | | {{Template:AU-Warrego}} | ||
− | |[[Fairfield]] and [[Cockatoo Dockyard]] | + | |[[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]] and [[Cockatoo Dockyard]] |
| | | | ||
|4 Apr, 1911 | |4 Apr, 1911 | ||
Line 197: | Line 195: | ||
|- align=left | |- align=left | ||
| {{Template:AU-Yarra}} | | {{Template:AU-Yarra}} | ||
− | |[[Denny]] | + | |[[William Denny & Brothers]] |
| | | | ||
|8 Apr, 1910 | |8 Apr, 1910 | ||
Line 225: | Line 223: | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div name=fredbot:ships> | </div name=fredbot:ships> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Radio== | ||
+ | In 1912, eighteen of the new destroyers were fitted with [[British Wireless Systems#Destroyer Set|Destroyer Sets]]. The pace of this initiative suggests that all units were probably so equipped by the start of the war.{{ARTS1912|Wireless Appendix, p. 6}}{{INF}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Searchlights== | ||
+ | {{UK-Badger}}, at least, had a (hydraulic?) control system to control her searchlights whose success prompted an Admiralty order to fit the same gear to the earlier [[Beagle Class Destroyer (1909)|''Beagle'' class]].{{AWO1914|441 of 2 Oct, 1914}} Just four days later, the twenty ''Acherons'' of the {{UK-DF|1}} were also ordered to have this equipment added.{{AWO1914|454 of 6 Oct, 1914}} | ||
+ | |||
==Performance== | ==Performance== | ||
− | Turning performance was widely variable, as it had been with the [[Acorn Class Destroyer (1910) | + | Turning performance was widely variable, as it had been with the preceding [[Acorn Class Destroyer (1910)|''Acorn'' class]]. |
+ | |||
+ | {{UK-Ferret}} achieved four miles to the ton of coal at 27.5 knots. {{UK-Redpole}} topped out at a spry 30.61 knots in rough weather! | ||
− | |||
''Ferret'' 422 yards starboard, 593 port, and {{UK-Goshawk}} 451 yards to starboard and 470 to port. Twin-screw {{UK-Hind}} was 669/643. | ''Ferret'' 422 yards starboard, 593 port, and {{UK-Goshawk}} 451 yards to starboard and 470 to port. Twin-screw {{UK-Hind}} was 669/643. | ||
− | Twin-screw ''Hornet'' burned 50.6 tons in an | + | |
+ | Twin-screw ''Hornet'' burned 50.6 tons in an eight hour full power test, and the nominally identical {{UK-Hydra}} burned 61.6 tons. Triple screw consumption ranged from 54.02 tons in {{UK-Jackal}} to 62.352 tons in {{UK-1Forester}}. Lubricating oil loss varied between 120 gallons and none at all!{{March|p. 119}} | ||
==Armament== | ==Armament== | ||
The gun armament used here was similar to that used since the [[Beagle Class Destroyer (1909)|''Beagle'' class]], though the mountings improved and the 12-pdrs moved further forward than in the preceding [[Acorn Class Destroyer (1910)|''Acorn'' class]]. | The gun armament used here was similar to that used since the [[Beagle Class Destroyer (1909)|''Beagle'' class]], though the mountings improved and the 12-pdrs moved further forward than in the preceding [[Acorn Class Destroyer (1910)|''Acorn'' class]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In late September, 1914, the Admiralty ordered that the guns on the [[Tribal Class Destroyer (1907)|Tribals]] and later classes were to be given loading lights, initially on temporary circuits.{{AWO1914|416 of 29 Sep, 1914}} | ||
===4-in Guns=== | ===4-in Guns=== | ||
− | Two 4-in guns were mounted forward and aft. They were 4-in B.L. Mark VIII guns on P V mountings with 36 common and 84 lyddite rounds each (plus 14 practice rounds per gun per quarter).{{March|p. 116}}{{TheSightM|pp. 4, 85, 108, Plate 38}} | + | Two 4-in guns were mounted forward and aft. They were 4-in B.L. Mark VIII guns on P. V mountings with 36 common and 84 lyddite rounds each (plus 14 practice rounds per gun per quarter).{{March|p. 116}}{{TheSightM|pp. 4, 85, 108, Plate 38}} |
The mounting could elevate to 20 degrees and depress to 10 degrees, but the sight could elevate 15 degrees (9,300 yards full charge). | The mounting could elevate to 20 degrees and depress to 10 degrees, but the sight could elevate 15 degrees (9,300 yards full charge). | ||
− | The sight was lightweight, non-FTP cam-worked design with range dials provided for 2150 fps, 1-in aiming rifle and .303-in aiming rifle. | + | The sight was lightweight, non-{{FTP}} cam-worked design with range dials provided for 2150 fps, 1-in aiming rifle and .303-in aiming rifle. M.V. could be corrected by a moving scale plate to +/- 150 fps. |
The deflection gearing constant was 43.76 with 1 knot equal to 3.05 arc minutes, corresponding to 2275 fps at 2000 yards. Drift was corrected by inclining the sight backet 2 degrees. | The deflection gearing constant was 43.76 with 1 knot equal to 3.05 arc minutes, corresponding to 2275 fps at 2000 yards. Drift was corrected by inclining the sight backet 2 degrees. | ||
Line 247: | Line 256: | ||
During the war, some of the ships had their aft 4-in gun landed to accommodate depth charges.{{UKTHVol4Part34|p. 14}} | During the war, some of the ships had their aft 4-in gun landed to accommodate depth charges.{{UKTHVol4Part34|p. 14}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | In late 1913, guards ("complete with eyes and chains") were ordered to protect the open sights.{{AWO1913|677 of 28 Nov, 1913}} | ||
===12-pdr Guns=== | ===12-pdr Guns=== | ||
Two 12-pdr guns were mounted just after the break of the forecastle deck, port and starboard.{{TheSightM|pp. 4, 96, 108, Plate 45}} | Two 12-pdr guns were mounted just after the break of the forecastle deck, port and starboard.{{TheSightM|pp. 4, 96, 108, Plate 45}} | ||
− | They were 12-pdr 12 cwt Q.F. guns on P VI mountings with 30 common and 70 lyddite rounds per gun (plus 10 practice rounds per gun per quarter),{{March|p. 116}} the same weapon as since the "Tribal" group. The mountings could elevate to 20 degrees and depress to 10. | + | They were 12-pdr 12 cwt Q.F. guns on P. VI mountings with 30 common and 70 lyddite rounds per gun (plus 10 practice rounds per gun per quarter),{{March|p. 116}} the same weapon as since the "Tribal" group. The mountings could elevate to 20 degrees and depress to 10. |
The sights were gear-worked with a range gearing constant of 30.857, and range dials for 2200 fps, 2175 fps, 1-in and .303-in aiming rifles. They could elevate to 11.5 degrees, or 6,075 yards full charge). There was no means of correcting for muzzle velocity. It was a simple design compared to that used in the ''Acorn'' class. | The sights were gear-worked with a range gearing constant of 30.857, and range dials for 2200 fps, 2175 fps, 1-in and .303-in aiming rifles. They could elevate to 11.5 degrees, or 6,075 yards full charge). There was no means of correcting for muzzle velocity. It was a simple design compared to that used in the ''Acorn'' class. | ||
Line 260: | Line 271: | ||
Gun trials showed that the sightsetter (probably for the 12-pdr guns){{INF}} was in danger of falling overboard when firing at some bearings.{{March|pp. 118}} | Gun trials showed that the sightsetter (probably for the 12-pdr guns){{INF}} was in danger of falling overboard when firing at some bearings.{{March|pp. 118}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | In late 1913, the P. Mark V and VI gun mountings had percussion firing gear ordered for them.{{AWO1913|718 of 12 Dec, 1913}} | ||
===Torpedoes=== | ===Torpedoes=== | ||
Line 271: | Line 284: | ||
===Instruments=== | ===Instruments=== | ||
− | By 1920, the ships in ''Acorn'' to ''Laforey'' classes had [[Wise Pressure Telegraphy System]]s in place to support fire control. | + | By 1920, the ships in ''Acorn'' to ''Laforey'' classes had [[Wise Pressure Telegraphy System]]s in place to support fire control.{{UKTH34|pp. 15-16}} |
− | |||
===Rangefinders=== | ===Rangefinders=== | ||
− | + | A 1-m base rangefinder was supplied to all destroyers of the "Tribal" class through "L" class around 1916, but this was later withdrawn.{{UKTH23|pp. 31, 32}} | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
==Torpedo Control== | ==Torpedo Control== | ||
− | + | [[File:ARTS1917Plate84.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Electrical Torpedo Control Instruments'''{{ARTS1917|Plate 84}}<br>found in most or all "Acheron" class destroyers]] | |
+ | A single sighting position was located high up in the centre of the bridge, thus requiring only a single set of firing pushes or keys as well as keys for operating a buzzer at the forward torpedo mount and a rattler at the aft mount.{{ARTS1917|p. 211}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | The data instruments used were electrical. A single Mark I deflection transmitter at the control position, and separate order transmitters and keys, one for the forward tubes and one for the aft. Each torpedo mount had a combined receiver for these signals.{{ARTS1917|p. 211, Plate 84. (C.I.O. 439/17.)}} | ||
==Alterations== | ==Alterations== | ||
+ | In July 1914, the four Thornycroft and Yarrow "specials" ({{UK-1Acheron}}, {{UK-Ariel}}, {{UK-Attack}} and {{UK-Archer}}) were to have lockable gratings added to control access to their Spirits and Electrical Store Rooms. At the same time, requests to fit a new pattern stern light to these ships was deferred until trials with it were complete, and a price quote was requested before open trainers' sights would be added.{{AWO1914|87 of 3 July, 1914}} | ||
+ | |||
By November 1918, {{UK-Ferret}} and {{UK-Sandfly}} were fitted to carry 38 mines, as they were operating with the {{UK-DF|20}} which was uniformly capable in this regard. The torpedo tubes and guns removed when the mines were shipped could be placed back aboard with enough notice.<ref>Admiralty. ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School Mining Appendix, 1917-1918'', p. 11. Plate 7.</ref> | By November 1918, {{UK-Ferret}} and {{UK-Sandfly}} were fitted to carry 38 mines, as they were operating with the {{UK-DF|20}} which was uniformly capable in this regard. The torpedo tubes and guns removed when the mines were shipped could be placed back aboard with enough notice.<ref>Admiralty. ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School Mining Appendix, 1917-1918'', p. 11. Plate 7.</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
+ | {{refbegin}} | ||
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheron_class_destroyer}} | {{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheron_class_destroyer}} | ||
*[http://dreadnoughtproject.org/models/ships/HMS_Acheron/ 3D Model] available for licensing | *[http://dreadnoughtproject.org/models/ships/HMS_Acheron/ 3D Model] available for licensing | ||
+ | {{refend}} | ||
==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
Line 318: | Line 328: | ||
cat=Destroyer | cat=Destroyer | ||
type=destroyer | type=destroyer | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
chain=Destroyers | chain=Destroyers | ||
+ | |||
+ | // force to sort after Acorn class | ||
+ | sortdate=Jul, 1910 | ||
{group | {group | ||
Line 331: | Line 341: | ||
name=Goshawk | name=Goshawk | ||
pend=H.45 (1914)<br>H.37 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.45 (1914)<br>H.37 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Beardmore]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[William Beardmore & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | ||
launch=18 10 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=18 10 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 340: | Line 350: | ||
name=Hind | name=Hind | ||
pend=H.47 (1914)<br>H.40 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.47 (1914)<br>H.40 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[John Brown]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[John Brown & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
launch=28 7 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=28 7 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 371: | Line 381: | ||
name=Defender | name=Defender | ||
pend=H.28 (1914)<br>H.29 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.28 (1914)<br>H.29 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Denny]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[William Denny & Brothers]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
launch=30 8 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=30 8 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 401: | Line 411: | ||
name=Jackal | name=Jackal | ||
pend=H.55 (1914)<br>H.44 (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.55 (1914)<br>H.44 (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Hawthorn Leslie]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
launch=9 9 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=9 9 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 411: | Line 421: | ||
name=Tigress | name=Tigress | ||
pend=H.92 (1914)<br>H.4A (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.92 (1914)<br>H.4A (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Hawthorn Leslie]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
launch=20 12 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=20 12 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 453: | Line 463: | ||
name=Ferret | name=Ferret | ||
pend=H.35 (1914)<br>H.32 (Jan 1918)<br>F.93 (Sep 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.35 (1914)<br>H.32 (Jan 1918)<br>F.93 (Sep 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[J. | + | builder=[[J. Samuel White]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
laid=Sep 1910{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | laid=Sep 1910{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | ||
Line 464: | Line 474: | ||
name=Forester | name=Forester | ||
pend=H.39 (1914)<br>H.34 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.39 (1914)<br>H.34 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[J. | + | builder=[[J. Samuel White]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
launch=1 6 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=1 6 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 478: | Line 488: | ||
name=Archer | name=Archer | ||
pend=H.10 (1914)<br>H.29 (Sep 1915)<br>H.06 (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.10 (1914)<br>H.29 (Sep 1915)<br>H.06 (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Yarrow]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[Yarrow & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | ||
launch=21 10 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=21 10 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 488: | Line 498: | ||
name=Attack | name=Attack | ||
pend=H.14 (1914)<br>H.86 (Jan 1916)<br>H.08 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.14 (1914)<br>H.86 (Jan 1916)<br>H.08 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Yarrow]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[Yarrow & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=" | order=" | ||
launch=21 12 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=21 12 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 504: | Line 514: | ||
name=Acheron | name=Acheron | ||
pend=H.00 (1914)<br>H.02 (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.00 (1914)<br>H.02 (Jan-Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Thornycroft]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[John I. Thornycroft & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | ||
launch=27 6 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=27 6 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 531: | Line 541: | ||
name=Badger | name=Badger | ||
pend=H.15 (1914)<br>H.52 (Sep 1915)<br>H.09 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.15 (1914)<br>H.52 (Sep 1915)<br>H.09 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Denny]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[William Denny & Brothers]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | ||
launch=11 7 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=11 7 1911{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 555: | Line 565: | ||
name=Firedrake | name=Firedrake | ||
pend=H.97 (1914)<br>H.33 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | pend=H.97 (1914)<br>H.33 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
− | builder=[[Yarrow]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | builder=[[Yarrow & Company]]{{DittColl|p. 62}} |
order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | order=1910-11 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 75}} | ||
launch=9 4 1912{{DittColl|p. 62}} | launch=9 4 1912{{DittColl|p. 62}} | ||
Line 574: | Line 584: | ||
{ship | {ship | ||
name=Oak | name=Oak | ||
− | pend=H.12 (1914)<br>H.38 (Sep 1915)<br>H.92 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} | + | pend=H.97 (Jan 1913)<ref>{{TNA|ADM 182|4}}. p. 2.</ref><br>H.12 (1914)<br>H.38 (Sep 1915)<br>H.92 (Jan 1918){{DittColl|p. 62}} |
builder=" | builder=" | ||
order=" | order=" | ||
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Revision as of 13:00, 7 April 2018
Twenty-nine destroyers of the Acheron Class (redesignated the "I" class in October, 1913)[1]) were completed between 1911 and 1912. Twenty were part of the 1910-1911 Programme, and an additional six (later nine) Specials were ordered.
They were the last Royal Navy destroyers to use the 12-pdr gun.
Most served in the First Destroyer Flotilla where their 60 test runs of 21-in Mark II torpedoes in the first half of 1916 were judged 87% likely to endanger the enemy.[2] Other units served elsewhere; Oak served as the dispatch vessel to Iron Duke and Firedrake and Lurcher served with submarine flotillas in Harwich.[3]
Overview of 29 vessels | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citations for this data available on individual ship pages | |||||
Name | Builder | Laid Down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
Goshawk | William Beardmore & Company | 18 Oct, 1911 | 4 Nov, 1921 | ||
Hind | John Brown & Company | 28 Jul, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Hornet | John Brown & Company | 20 Dec, 1911 | 1921 | ||
Hydra | John Brown & Company | 19 Feb, 1912 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Defender | William Denny & Brothers | 30 Aug, 1911 | 4 Nov, 1921 | ||
Druid | William Denny & Brothers | 4 Dec, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Sandfly | Swan Hunter | 26 Jul, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Jackal | Hawthorn Leslie & Company | 9 Sep, 1911 | 28 Sep, 1920 | ||
Tigress | Hawthorn Leslie & Company | 20 Dec, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Lapwing | Cammell Laird | 29 Jul, 1911 | 26 Oct, 1921 | ||
Lizard | Cammell Laird | 10 Oct, 1911 | 4 Nov, 1921 | ||
Phoenix | Vickers | 9 Oct, 1911 | Torpedoed 14 May, 1918 | ||
Ferret | J. Samuel White | Sep, 1910 | 12 Apr, 1911 | Oct, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 |
Forester | J. Samuel White | 1 Jun, 1911 | 4 Nov, 1921 | ||
Archer | Yarrow & Company | 21 Oct, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Attack | Yarrow & Company | 21 Dec, 1911 | Mined 30 Dec, 1917 | ||
Acheron | John I. Thornycroft & Company | 27 Jun, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Ariel | John I. Thornycroft & Company | 26 Sep, 1911 | Mined 2 Aug, 1918 | ||
Badger | William Denny & Brothers | 11 Jul, 1911 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Beaver | William Denny & Brothers | 6 Oct, 1911 | Nov, 1912 | 9 May, 1921 | |
Firedrake | Yarrow & Company | 9 Apr, 1912 | 10 Oct, 1921 | ||
Lurcher | Yarrow & Company | 1 Jun, 1912 | 9 Jun, 1922 | ||
Oak | Yarrow & Company | 5 Sep, 1912 | 9 May, 1921 | ||
Parramatta | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company | 9 Feb, 1910 | Dismantled Oct, 1929 | ||
Warrego | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company and Cockatoo Dockyard | 4 Apr, 1911 | Dismantled Oct, 1929 | ||
Yarra | William Denny & Brothers | 8 Apr, 1910 | Dismantled Oct, 1929 | ||
Huon | Cockatoo Dockyard | 19 Dec, 1914 | Sunk 9 Apr, 1930 | ||
Swan | Cockatoo Dockyard | 11 Dec, 1915 | Broken up Sep, 1929 | ||
Torrens | Cockatoo Dockyard | 28 Aug, 1915 | Sunk 24 Nov, 1930 |
Contents
Radio
In 1912, eighteen of the new destroyers were fitted with Destroyer Sets. The pace of this initiative suggests that all units were probably so equipped by the start of the war.[4][Inference]
Searchlights
Badger, at least, had a (hydraulic?) control system to control her searchlights whose success prompted an Admiralty order to fit the same gear to the earlier Beagle class.[5] Just four days later, the twenty Acherons of the First Destroyer Flotilla were also ordered to have this equipment added.[6]
Performance
Turning performance was widely variable, as it had been with the preceding Acorn class.
Ferret achieved four miles to the ton of coal at 27.5 knots. Redpole topped out at a spry 30.61 knots in rough weather!
Ferret 422 yards starboard, 593 port, and Goshawk 451 yards to starboard and 470 to port. Twin-screw Hind was 669/643.
Twin-screw Hornet burned 50.6 tons in an eight hour full power test, and the nominally identical Hydra burned 61.6 tons. Triple screw consumption ranged from 54.02 tons in Jackal to 62.352 tons in Forester. Lubricating oil loss varied between 120 gallons and none at all![7]
Armament
The gun armament used here was similar to that used since the Beagle class, though the mountings improved and the 12-pdrs moved further forward than in the preceding Acorn class.
In late September, 1914, the Admiralty ordered that the guns on the Tribals and later classes were to be given loading lights, initially on temporary circuits.[8]
4-in Guns
Two 4-in guns were mounted forward and aft. They were 4-in B.L. Mark VIII guns on P. V mountings with 36 common and 84 lyddite rounds each (plus 14 practice rounds per gun per quarter).[9][10]
The mounting could elevate to 20 degrees and depress to 10 degrees, but the sight could elevate 15 degrees (9,300 yards full charge).
The sight was lightweight, non-F.T.P. cam-worked design with range dials provided for 2150 fps, 1-in aiming rifle and .303-in aiming rifle. M.V. could be corrected by a moving scale plate to +/- 150 fps.
The deflection gearing constant was 43.76 with 1 knot equal to 3.05 arc minutes, corresponding to 2275 fps at 2000 yards. Drift was corrected by inclining the sight backet 2 degrees.
Sight lines were 16.5 inches above the bore, and 15 inches left for the layer and 17.46 inches above and 12.5 inches right for the trainer. There were open sights on both sides and temperature correctors were provided.
During the war, some of the ships had their aft 4-in gun landed to accommodate depth charges.[11]
In late 1913, guards ("complete with eyes and chains") were ordered to protect the open sights.[12]
12-pdr Guns
Two 12-pdr guns were mounted just after the break of the forecastle deck, port and starboard.[13]
They were 12-pdr 12 cwt Q.F. guns on P. VI mountings with 30 common and 70 lyddite rounds per gun (plus 10 practice rounds per gun per quarter),[14] the same weapon as since the "Tribal" group. The mountings could elevate to 20 degrees and depress to 10.
The sights were gear-worked with a range gearing constant of 30.857, and range dials for 2200 fps, 2175 fps, 1-in and .303-in aiming rifles. They could elevate to 11.5 degrees, or 6,075 yards full charge). There was no means of correcting for muzzle velocity. It was a simple design compared to that used in the Acorn class.
Deflection gearing constant was 45.707, with 1 knot equalling 3.76 arc minutes, corresponding to 2200 fps at 2000 yards.
Drift was corrected by inclining guides to the sight carrier 2 degrees. Sighting lines for the layer were 11.558 inches above the bore and 10.106 inches left. The trainer's sighting lines were 12.270 inches above the bore and 10.881 inches right. Open sights and head rests were provided on both sides. There was no temperature corrector.
Gun trials showed that the sightsetter (probably for the 12-pdr guns)[Inference] was in danger of falling overboard when firing at some bearings.[15]
In late 1913, the P. Mark V and VI gun mountings had percussion firing gear ordered for them.[16]
Torpedoes
Two single 21-in tubes on the centre line.
Other Weapons
Depth charges were added during the war to many of the ships, requiring some to surrender their aft 4-in gun.[17]
Fire Control
By 1915, at least, these ships also had fixed voice pipes installed between decks with the last lengths being flexible (one voice pipe for gunnery, one for torpedoes) fitted between bridge and guns, torpedo tubes, and searchlights. A third voicepipe, entirely flexible, ran from bridge to the forward gun.[18]
Instruments
By 1920, the ships in Acorn to Laforey classes had Wise Pressure Telegraphy Systems in place to support fire control.[19]
Rangefinders
A 1-m base rangefinder was supplied to all destroyers of the "Tribal" class through "L" class around 1916, but this was later withdrawn.[20]
Torpedo Control
A single sighting position was located high up in the centre of the bridge, thus requiring only a single set of firing pushes or keys as well as keys for operating a buzzer at the forward torpedo mount and a rattler at the aft mount.[22]
The data instruments used were electrical. A single Mark I deflection transmitter at the control position, and separate order transmitters and keys, one for the forward tubes and one for the aft. Each torpedo mount had a combined receiver for these signals.[23]
Alterations
In July 1914, the four Thornycroft and Yarrow "specials" (Acheron, Ariel, Attack and Archer) were to have lockable gratings added to control access to their Spirits and Electrical Store Rooms. At the same time, requests to fit a new pattern stern light to these ships was deferred until trials with it were complete, and a price quote was requested before open trainers' sights would be added.[24]
By November 1918, Ferret and Sandfly were fitted to carry 38 mines, as they were operating with the Twentieth Destroyer Flotilla which was uniformly capable in this regard. The torpedo tubes and guns removed when the mines were shipped could be placed back aboard with enough notice.[25]
See Also
Footnotes
- ↑ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. p. 75.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1916. p. 87.
- ↑ March. British Destroyers. p. 122.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1912. Wireless Appendix, p. 6.
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 441 of 2 Oct, 1914.
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 454 of 6 Oct, 1914.
- ↑ March. British Destroyers. p. 119.
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 416 of 29 Sep, 1914.
- ↑ March. British Destroyers. p. 116.
- ↑ The Sight Manual, 1916. pp. 4, 85, 108, Plate 38.
- ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 4, Part 34. p. 14.
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 677 of 28 Nov, 1913.
- ↑ The Sight Manual, 1916. pp. 4, 96, 108, Plate 45.
- ↑ March. British Destroyers. p. 116.
- ↑ March. British Destroyers. pp. 118.
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 718 of 12 Dec, 1913.
- ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 4, Part 34. p. 14.
- ↑ Manual of Gunnery, Vol. III., 1915., p. 150.
- ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 4, Part 34. pp. 15-16.
- ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 3, Part 23. pp. 31, 32.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1917. Plate 84.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1917. p. 211.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1917. p. 211, Plate 84. (C.I.O. 439/17.).
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 87 of 3 July, 1914.
- ↑ Admiralty. Annual Report of the Torpedo School Mining Appendix, 1917-1918, p. 11. Plate 7.
Bibliography
- Gray, Randal (editor) (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. (on Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk).
- March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892-1953. London: Seeley Service & Co. Limited. (on Bookfinder.com).
- Admiralty, Technical History Section (1920). The Technical History and Index: Alteration in Armaments of H.M. Ships during the War. Vol. 4, Part 34. C.B. 1515 (34) now O.U. 6171/20. At The National Archives, Kew, United Kingdom.
Acheron Class Destroyer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Admiralty Design | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goshawk | Hind | Hornet | Hydra | Defender | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Druid | Sandfly | Jackal | Tigress | Lapwing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lizard | Phoenix | Ferret | Forester | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yarrow Specials | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Archer | Attack | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thornycroft Specials | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acheron | Ariel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parsons Specials | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Badger | Beaver | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Firedrake/Yarrow Specials | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Firedrake | Lurcher | Oak | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Australian type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parramatta | Warrego | Yarra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Huon | Swan | Torrens | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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