Difference between revisions of "Montague Edward Browning"
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Revision as of 14:24, 24 August 2012
Admiral SIR Montague Edward Browning, G.C.B., G.C.M.G, G.C.V.O., Royal Navy (18 January, 1863 – 4 November, 1947) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the First World War.
Early Life & Career
Browning was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 30 June, 1885.[1]
He was lent to the Inflexible as Gunnery Officer for the annual manœuvres on 18 July, 1889. In an accident on 15 August on board Inflexible he lost his left hand. He was surveyed and found unfit on 7 November. It was recommended that he not be re-surveyed for two months or more. On 20 November it was decided that he be kept on the books of Excellent until he recovered. Surveyed on 21 January, 1890, he was report fit, "having been fitted with an efficient mechanical substitute for the hand."
Browning was promoted to the rank of Commander on 1 January, 1897.[2]
Captain
Browning was promoted to the rank of Captain on 1 January, 1902.[3]
Flag Rank
Browning was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral on 22 September, 1911, vice Walker.[4]
In a letter to Winston Churchill, the First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Fisher described Browning as a "Psalm-singing fool."[5]
Great War
Browning then hoisted his flag in the Hibernia as Rear-Admiral in the Third Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet. In July, 1915 he was appointed to the command of the Third Cruiser Squadron, with his flag in the Antrim, which with the Third Battle Squadron had been stationed at Rosyth since the war began. In April, 1916 both squadrons were detached from the Grand Fleet and moved to the Swin (Thames estuary), then returned north after the battle of Jutland. In the King's Birthday Honours of 3 June, 1916, he was appointed an Additional Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.).[6]
In August, 1916 Browning was appointed Commander-in-Chief on the North America and West Indies Station with the acting rank of Vice-Admiral, and he assumed command with his flag in the Leviathan on 13 September.[7] In that capacity he represented his country in discussions with the United States naval authorities on joint action in the conduct of the war at sea. He was confirmed in the rank of Vice-Admiral on 26 April, 1917.[8] On the occasion of the King's birthday he was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.) on 4 June.[9]
In February, 1918, he returned to the Grand Fleet to take command of the Fourth Battle Squadron with his flag in the Hercules.
Post-War
After the armistice of November, 1918 he was appointed president of the allied naval armistice commission, and paid visits in the Hercules to the German naval ports to see that the settled terms were duly carried out. The economist J. M. Keynes alleged that Browning had "no idea in his head but the extirpation and further humiliation of a despised and defeated enemy."[10] Browning joined the Board of Admiralty as Second Sea Lord in March, 1919 and was promoted to the rank of Admiral on 1 November.[11] He became Commander-in-Chief for three years in September, 1920.
Browning was appointed an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knight Grand Cross, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on the occasion of the King's birthday on 3 June, 1924.[12] He was appointed First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp in May, 1925 and placed on the Retired List on 4 October, 1926.[13] He returned to court duty in March, 1929 as Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom, became Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom in February, 1939, and finally retired in June, 1945.
Footnotes
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 25485. p. 3002. 30 June, 1885.
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 26809. p. 4. 1 January, 1897.
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 27393. p. 3. 3 January, 1902.
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 28534. p. 7010. 26 September, 1911.
- ↑ Fear God and Dread Nought. p. 439.
- ↑ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 29608. p. 5553. 2 June, 1916.
- ↑ Supplement to the Monthly Navy List (September, 1917). p. 7.
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 30037. p. 3955. 27 April, 1917.
- ↑ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30111. p. 5454. 4 June, 1917.
- ↑ Keynes. Two Memoirs. p. 13
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 31632. p. 13545. 7 November, 1919.
- ↑ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 32941. p. 4408. 3 June, 1924.
- ↑ London Gazette: no. 33209. p. 6440. 8 October, 1926.
Bibliography
- "Admiral Sir Montague Browning" (Obituaries). The Times. Thursday, 6 November, 1947. Issue 50911, col E, pg. 7.
- Baddeley, V. W. (1959). Dictionary of National Biography: 1941-1950 Supplement. London: Oxford University Press.
Service Records
- The National Archives. ADM 196/87.
- The National Archives. ADM 196/42.
- The National Archives. ADM 196/20.
Naval Appointments | ||
Preceded by Richard H. Peirse |
Inspector of Target Practice 1911 – 1913 |
Succeeded by Position Abolished |
Preceded by Cecil F. Thursby |
Rear-Admiral in the Third Battle Squadron 1913 – 1915 |
Succeeded by Sydney R. Fremantle |
Preceded by William L. Grant |
Rear-Admiral Commanding, Third Cruiser Squadron 1915 – 1916 |
Succeeded by Command Abolished |
Preceded by Sir George E. Patey |
Commander-in-Chief on the North America and West Indies Station 1916 – 1918 |
Succeeded by William L. Grant |
Preceded by Sir F. C. Doveton Sturdee |
Vice-Admirals Commanding, Fourth Battle Squadron 1918 – 1919 |
Succeeded by Command Abolished |
Preceded by Sir Herbert L. Heath |
Second Sea Lord 1919 – 1920 |
Succeeded by Sir Henry F. Oliver |
Preceded by The Hon. Sir Somerset A. Gough-Calthorpe |
First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp 1925 – 1926 |
Succeeded by Sir Arthur C. Leveson |
- People
- People (UK)
- 1863 births
- 1947 deaths
- H.M.S. Britannia (Training Ship) Entrants of July, 1876
- Gunnery Officers
- Gunnery Officers (UK)
- Flag Captains to the Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
- Vice-Admirals Commanding, Fourth Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)
- Second Sea Lords
- Commanders-in-Chief, Plymouth
- First and Principal Naval Aides-de-Camp to King George V