View source for Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe

[[File:Calthorpe as a Flag Officer (LoC).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, seen as a Rear-Admiral.<br><small>Photo: Library of Congress.</small>]]

[[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]] {{HONSIR}} '''Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe''', {{Post-Nominals|country=GBR-cats|G.C.B.m|G.C.M.G.|C.B.c|C.V.O.}}, R.N. (23 December, 1864 &ndash; 27 July, 1937) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]].

==Early Life & Career==
The Honourable Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, the younger son of Somerset Frederick, seventh Lord Calthorpe, by his wife, Eliza Maria, only child of Captain Frederick Chamier, R.N., and widow of Captain Frederick Crewe, was born in London 23 December 1864.

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{LieutRN}} with seniority of 19 March, 1886.

==Commander==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{CommRN}} on 1 January, 1896,<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26694/pages/7532 no. 26694.  p. 7532.]  31 December, 1895.</ref> for services on the West and East Coasts of Africa.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26696/pages/4 no. 26696.  p. 4.]  3 January, 1896.</ref>  On 5 March, 1896, he was appointed as Commander of the {{UK-Imperieuse}}, flagship of the [[Pacific Station]].  He remained in her until she paid off on 31 August, 1899.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>

On 3 January, 1900, he was appointed to ''Vernon'' for revision of the Torpedo Manual, and on 15 September was appointed in command of the gunboat ''Halcyon'' in the Mediterranean.  ''Halcyon'' paid off on 7 May, 1901.  He was appointed in command of the {{UK-1Pandora|f=t}} for the man&oelig;uvres on 16 July, and on 30 September was appointed to the Royal Naval College at Greenwich for study.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>

==Captain==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}} on 1 January, 1902.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27393/pages/3 no. 27393.  p. 3.]  3 January, 1902.</ref>  From that date he was reappointed to the Royal Naval College.  On 1 March he was appointed Naval Attaché at Saint Petersburg and Rome.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>

On 1 November, 1905, he was appointed in command of the new {{UK-Roxburgh|f=t}}.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>  He was appointed a Member of the Fourth Class of the Royal Victorian Order dated 25 September, 1906.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27960/pages/7108 no. 27960.  p. 7108.]  23 October, 1906.</ref>

He was superseded in command of ''Roxburgh'' on 19 December, 1907, and appointed in command of the battleship {{UK-1Hindustan}} in the [[Channel Fleet (Royal Navy)|Channel Fleet]] on 10 January, 1908.  He remained in command until 16 December, 1909.<ref>{{TNA|ADM 196/42.}}  f. 264.</ref>

Gough-Calthorpe was appointed to {{UK-Dreadnought}} as Captain of the Fleet of the [[Home Fleet (Royal Navy)|Home Fleet]] and {{Com1RN}} on 16 December, 1909.<ref>ADM 196/42.  f. 264.</ref>

He was promoted Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (C.V.O.) dated 29 July, 1910.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28403/pages/5581 no. 28403.  p. 5581.]  2 August, 1910.</ref>

==Flag Rank==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 27 August, 1911, vice [[Ernest Alfred Simons|Simons]].<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28526/pages/6373 no. 28526.  p. 6373.]  29 August, 1911.</ref>

He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Civil Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.) on 21 September, 1912.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28648/pages/7107 no. 28648.  p. 7107.]  27 September, 1912.</ref>  He was invested with the insignia of the order by the King in an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 10 October.<ref>"Court Circular" (Court and Social).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 11 October, 1912.  Issue '''40027''', col A, p. 9.</ref>

==Great War==
Gough-Calthorpe had succeeded [[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles Madden]] in command of the {{UK-CS|2}} on 29 July, 1914.{{UKCeased|f. 13}}  On 11 March, 1915, he was appointed Acting Vice-Admiral as senior cruiser admiral in the [[Grand Fleet]].

On 1 January, 1916, he was knighted and appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29423/supplements/80 (Supplement) no. 29423.  p. 80.]  31 December, 1915.</ref>

He was appointed to ''President'' for duty at the admiralty on 1 June, 1916, (and therefore missed the [[Battle of Jutland]]) and on 1 July became a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and [[Second Sea Lord]], with the rank of Acting Vice-Admiral.<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 130/264.</ref>

On 26 April, 1917, Gough-Calthorpe was confirmed in the rank of {{ViceRN}}.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30037/pages/3955 no. 30037.  p. 3955.]  27 April, 1917.</ref>  On 8 August, 1917, he was appointed [[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean]], and assumed command on 26 August.{{SMNLJun18|p. 7}}

On 22 October, 1918 Calthorpe was empowered by the Admiralty to conclude an armistice with Turkey, acting as sole negotiator on behalf of all the Allies as High Commissioner of H. M. Government at Constantinople.  He completed this assignment on 26 August, 1919.<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 130/264.</ref>

==Post-War==
Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{AdmRN}} on 31 July, 1919, in place of [[Henry Bradwardine Jackson|Sir Henry Jackson]], promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}}.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/31489/pages/9961 no. 31489.  p. 9961.]  5 August, 1919.</ref>

Gough-Calthorpe was promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}} on 8 May, 1925.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33049/pages/3445 no. 33049.  p. 3445.]  22 May, 1925.</ref>  He was placed on the Retired List on 8 May, 1930.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33604/pages/2867 no. 33604.  p. 2867.]  9 May, 1930.</ref>

The events of the 1905 Russian Revolution affected both Gough-Calthorpe and his wife deeply and the aftermath stayed with her for many years afterwards. "The great tragedy of his life," his Secretary later recalled.<ref>Recollection of Hubert Lynes, Gough-Calthorpe's Secretary in the Eastern Mediterranean.  RNMN/LYNES.  Liddle Collection, University of Leeds.</ref>  He died at Ryde on 27 July, 1937.

A portrait of Gough-Calthorpe by Philip Connard, painted on board the ''Superb'' in 1919, is in the collection of the Imperial War Museum.

==See Also==
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Gough-Calthorpe}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*"Sir Somerset Gough Calthorpe" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 28 July, 1934.  Issue '''47748''', col B, p. 16.
{{refend}}

==Images==
{{refbegin}}
*1918 Philip Connard portrait in the possession of the Imperial War Museum, Catalogue Number IWM ART 2494.
{{refend}}

==Service Records==
{{refbegin}}
*{{TNA|ADM 196/87.|D8115358}}
*{{TNA|ADM 196/42.|D7579064}}
*{{TNA|ADM 196/20.|D7590707}}
{{refend}}


<div name=fredbot:appts>{{TabApptsBegin}}
{{TabNaval}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''|'''[[H.M. T.B. 72 (1885)|Captain of H.M. T.B. 72]]'''<br>4 Jul, 1888<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 30 Aug, 1888<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Francis John Foley|Francis J. Foley]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M. T.B. 78 (1885)|Captain of H.M. T.B. 78]]'''<br>18 Jul, 1889<ref>This record appears less clear than that for Campbell, noted in command at same time.  Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 7 Sep, 1889<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry H. Campbell]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Scott William Alfred Hamilton Gray|Scott W. A. H. Gray]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Halcyon (1894)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Halcyon'']]'''<br>15 Sep, 1900{{NLMar01|p. 261}} &ndash; 7 May, 1901<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 272/548.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Edward Francis Benedict Charlton|Edward F. B. Charlton]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M.S. Pandora (1900)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Pandora'']]'''<br>16 Jul, 1901<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 1901|Succeeded by<br>'''[[John Francis Murray-Aynsley|John F. Murray-Aynsley]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[Naval Attaché (Royal Navy)|Royal Navy Naval Attaché at St. Petersburg & Rome]]'''<br>19 Mar, 1902<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 1 Nov, 1905<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''?'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Cecil Spencer Hickley|Cecil S. Hickley]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Roxburgh (1904)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Roxburgh'']]'''<br>1 Nov, 1905<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 19 Dec, 1907<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Morgan Singer|Morgan Singer]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Alexander Edward Bethell|The Hon. Alexander E. Bethell]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Hindustan (1903)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Hindustan'']]'''<br>10 Jan, 1908{{NLOct08|p. 327}}<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 16 Dec, 1909<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry H. Campbell]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Archibald Gordon Henry Wilson Moore|A. Gordon H. W. Moore]]'''<br><small>as '''Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleet'''</small>|'''[[Captain of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Captain of the Fleet]]'''<br>16 Dec, 1909<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 25 Mar, 1911<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[William Osbert Boothby|William O. Boothby]]'''<br><small>as '''Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleets'''</small>}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''|'''[[First Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral in the First Battle Squadron]]'''<br>10 Dec, 1912<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 11 December, 1912.  Issue '''40079''', col C, p. 14.</ref><ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref> &ndash; 10 Dec, 1913<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Hugh Evan-Thomas|Hugh Evan-Thomas]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Charles E. Madden]]'''<br><small>as '''Rear-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron'''</small>|'''[[Second Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron]]'''<br>29 Jul, 1914{{UKCeased|f. 13}} &ndash; 1 Jun, 1916<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Herbert Leopold Heath|Herbert L. Heath]]'''<br><small>as '''Rear-Admiral Commanding, Second Cruiser Squadron'''</small>}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Frederick Tower Hamilton|Sir Frederick T. Hamilton]]'''|'''[[Second Sea Lord|Second Sea Lord]]'''<br>30 Jun, 1916{{UKNavalStaff|p. 125}} &ndash; 4 Dec, 1916<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Sir Cecil Burney]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Alexander Edward Bethell|The Hon. Sir Alexander E. Bethell]]'''|'''[[Admiral Commanding Coastguard and Reserves|Admiral Commanding Coastguard and Reserves]]'''<br>5 Dec, 1916<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>{{NLJan17|p. 423}} &ndash; 8 Aug, 1917<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 130/264.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Fiennes Thursby|Sir Cecil F. Thursby]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''Allied Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean'''|'''[[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Station]]'''<br>8 Aug, 1917{{UKCeased|p. 32}}|Succeeded by<br>'''[[John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet|Sir John M. de Robeck, Bart.]]'''}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Sir Cecil Burney, Bart.]]'''|'''[[Portsmouth Station|Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth Station]]'''<br>28 Apr, 1920<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 28 April, 1920.  Issue '''42396''', col G, p. 6.</ref><ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 203.</ref> &ndash; 28 Apr, 1923<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 203.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Sydney Robert Fremantle|Sir Sydney R. Fremantle]]'''}}
{{TabCourt}}
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Sir Charles E. Madden, Bart.]]'''|'''[[First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp|First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp]]'''<br>31 Jul, 1924<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/32962/pages/5889 no. 32962.  p. 5889.]  5 August, 1924.</ref> &ndash; 8 May, 1925<ref>Gough-Calthorpe Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}.  f. 203.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Montague Edward Browning|Sir Montague E. Browning]]'''}}
{{TabEnd}}
</div name=fredbot:appts>

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gough-Calthorpe, Somerset}}

{{CatPerson|UK|1864|1937}}
{{CatBritannia|January, 1878}}
{{CatNavalAttache|UK}}
{{CatAdmiralOfTheFleet|UK}}